introduction: globally, the need for radiotherapy as a part of cancer management increases every year. thus, the shielding for megavoltage radiotherapy rooms is of great importance. materials and methods: in the present study, 14 types of developed high-density concrete with densities ranging from 2.45 to 5.11 were simulated by using monte carlo method. the linear attenuation coefficient and th...

Regenerated high energy emissions from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are studied in detail. If the primary emission spectrum extends to TeV range, these very high energy photons will be absorbed by the cosmic infrared background (CIB). The created high energy electron-positron pairs up-scatter not only cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons but also CIB photons, and secondary photons are generated...