نتایج جستجو برای: high capital cost in forest harvesting
تعداد نتایج: 17335536 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...
Carbon stocks in managed forests of Ontario, Canada, and in harvested wood products originated from these forests were estimated for 2010-2100. Simulations included four future forest harvesting scenarios based on historical harvesting levels (low, average, high, and maximum available) and a no-harvest scenario. In four harvesting scenarios, forest carbon stocks in Ontario's managed forest were...
the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...
The optimal harvesting policy is calculated as a function of the entering stock, the price state, the harvesting cost, and the rate of interest in the capital market. In order to determine the optimal harvest schedule, the growth function and stumpage price process are estimated for the Swedish mixed species forests. The stumpage price is assumed to follow a stochastic Markov process. A stoch...
In this paper, we develop a Mixed Integer Linear model for a practical multi-facility wood procurement-planning problem using a cut-to-length (CTL) bucking system. This forest management problem is difficult to solve since it integrates the forest bucking problem and the multi-facility supply planning problem. A priority list approach was used to generate adequate bucking patterns for the Easte...
A forest simulation model (called EDEN) of eucalypt dynamics in southeastern Australia is presented to predict habitat quality for arboreal marsupials. The model is presented as a tool for testing alternative hypotheses of forest management in the study area, EDEN uses a forest gap simulation (IABOWA/FORET type) model as a pattern generator of habitat in different landscape positions and under ...
The multiplicity of forest products and their uses, and the conflicts it may cause among the stakeholders and various interests makes forestry planning in India to be considerably complex. The particular features of forestry, namely: its long gestation period and investment horizon (often not matching with the social time preference); the difficulty to distinguish between forest capital and inc...
The objective of this study was to provide a method for estimating the opportunity cost of meeting selected sustainable ecosystem objectives on the Olympic National Forest in Washington State. The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) was used to simulate several silvicultural management regimes. Soil expectation values (SEVs) were calculated using the FVS system and CHEAPO II, a silvicultural and ...
With increasing international competition it is imperative that the South African sugar industry improves cane yields and quality, and curtails production costs. It is thus likely that increasing domestic labour costs will result in the long-run substitution of capital for labour (i.e. increased mechanisation). Given the high cost and indivisible (or lumpy) nature of mechanical inputs, it is im...
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