Chiang’s hierarchical phrase-based (HPB) translation model advances the state-of-the-art in statistical machine translation by expanding conventional phrases to hierarchical phrases – phrases that contain sub-phrases. However, the original HPB model is prone to overgeneration due to lack of linguistic knowledge: the grammar may suggest more derivations than appropriate, many of which may lead t...

Background. Despite progress in surgical techniques applied during hepatobiliary and pancreas (HPB) surgery, bleeding and bile leak remain significant contributors to postoperative mortality and morbidity. Topical hemostatics have been developed and utilized across surgical specialties, but data regarding effectiveness remains inconsistent and sparse in HPB surgery. Methods. A comprehensive sea...

The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program has reduced postoperative morbidity and duration of hospital stay but not mortality in patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. Many HPB patients suffer from cancer cachexia, a syndrome of severe weight and muscle loss. This may affect outcomes of HPB surgery even within an ERAS program. A tailored ERAS approach may be essentia...

Porous titanosilicate beads with a diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm (TiSil-HPB-60) were synthesized from a preformed titanosilicate solution with a porous anion-exchange resin as template. The bead format of this material enables its straightforward separation from the reaction mixture in its application as a liquid-phase heterogeneous catalyst. The material displays hierarchical porosity (micro/mesopore...

A malicious insider in a wireless network may carry out a number of devastating attacks without fear of retribution, since the messages it broadcasts are authenticated with valid credentials such as a digital signature. In attributing an attack message to its perpetrator by localizing the signal source, we can make no presumptions regarding the type of radio equipment used by a malicious transm...

Suppurative gastritis was demonstrated in BALB/c mice 3 days after intragastric inoculation with 10(9) organisms of Listeria monocytogenes strain ATCC19113 (serotype 3). Also tested were four other strains of mice (C3H, C57BL/6, FVB and ICR) and three other strains of L. monocytogenes (HPB 3 [serotype 4b], HPB 410 [serotype 1/2a] and HPB 503 [serotype 1/2b]). After inoculation with ATCC19113 th...

The congress will take place in Kensington Town Hall, London, UK. Papers of high quality from all over the world will be presented and discussed. Papers are encouraged from developing countries, young investigators and those with work in progress. Panels of experts will tackle some of the most controversial areas in HPB surgery. Videos and films may be submitted for presentation. Contributions ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition which is characterized by recurrent immune-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal system. IBD is frequently associated with extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) characterized by involvement of multiple organs. EIM occur in 21% to 47% of IBD patients (Navaneethan & Shen, 2010). While some extraintestinal manifestations are encountere...

Hemoglobin adducts of the common metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) and of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) were quantified in blood samples from smokers and nonsmokers to test their suitability for biomonitoring tobacco smoke exposure. Additionally, TSNA adducts were measured in nasal snuff users. Mild alkaline treatment of hemoglobin releases...

Present study deals with the hampering of the growth of histamine producing bacteria (HPB), by using NaCl and spices which are easily available and cheaper cost wise. For this experiment, four strains of HPB viz. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were tested against 1 to 10% concentrations of NaCl and 1 to 5% concentrations of natural preserv...