BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evolutionary transitions between separate and combined sexes have frequently occurred across various plant lineages. In mosses, which are haploid-dominant, evolutionary transitions from separate to combined sexes are often associated with genome doubling. Polyploidy and hermaphroditism have strong effects on the inbreeding depression of a population, and are subsequently pre...

Hermaphroditism was identified in a 3-year-old American Cocker spaniel with an enlarged os clitoridis that was shown as reddish finger-like structure protruding from the vulva. The urethral orifice was located cranially to the base of the os clitoridis. The gonads were situated caudal to the kidneys at the cranial tips of the uterine horns, and were composed mainly of seminiferous tubules and i...

In the past year, I had to observe and study an interesting case of genital deformity belonging group hermaphroditism or bipedalism in broad sense word.

I. HEBMAPHKODIIISM IN MOLLUSCA. 1. Amphineura. 2. Gastropoda. 3. Lamellibranchia. II. PHYLOGENETIC EVOLUTION OJ? THE HEKM APHRODITE GLAND IN MOLLUSCA. 1. Gland with hermaphrodite acini. 2. Gland witli separate male and female acini. 3. Gland with separate male and female regions. 4. Separate male and female glands in the same individual. III. PHYSIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF HEHMAPHHODITISM IN THE MO...