BACKGROUND Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary complication characterized by a triad of chronic liver disease, arterial hypoxemia, and pulmonary vascular dilations. Agitated saline contrast echocardiography is a simple inexpensive criterion standard procedure for confirming the diagnosis of HPS. CASE REPORT Here, we discuss a case of a 45-year-old male Indian patient with no medical...

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) are the two major pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease. While HPS is characterized by low pulmonary vascular resistance, PPHTN is defined by the presence of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Given these seemingly opposing pathophysiologic mechanisms, these conditions were traditionally felt to be mutually ...

The hepatopulmonary syndrome occurs in subjects with chronic liver disease and/or portal hypertension who develop intrapulmonary vasodilation resulting in arterial deoxygenation. Clinical and basic science studies investigating the pathophysiology of HPS are presented. A diagnostic algorithm is provided using contrast echocardiography, the lung perfusion scan, and pulmonary angiography. Medical...

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a frequent pulmonary complication of patients with end-stage liver diseases. HPS is diagnosed by hypoxemia and pulmonary vascular dilatation and is an independent risk factor of mortality. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only factor that modifies the natural course of HPS. Once patients with HPS have been transplanted, their long-term survival rat...

BACKGROUND Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary complication of advanced liver disease with dyspnea as the predominant presenting symptom. The diagnosis of HPS can often be missed due to its nonspecific presentation and the presence of other comorbidities. CASE REPORT We present an interesting case of an obese 43-year-old man who presented with progressive, unexplained hypoxemia and sh...

A severe and common pulmonary vascular complication of liver disease is hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). It is a triad of liver dysfunction and/or portal hypertension, intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, and increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. Prevalence varies according to various study groups from 4%-47%. While the most common presenting symptom of HPS is dyspnea, it is usually asymp...

Cardiopulmonary abnormalities are often present in patients with liver diseases. We herein report a case of congenital portosystemic shunts complicated by hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH). A 57-year-old woman complained of dyspnea and was subsequently diagnosed with HPS and PoPH caused by congenital portosystemic shunts. Although shunt closure by transcathet...

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious complication of advanced liver disease, which markedly increases mortality. Pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR) induced by circulating mediators plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HPS, while the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In the present study, we reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1) is up-regulated and annexin A1(ANXA1) is down-...

AIM To determine the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on clinical manifestations and evaluate arterial blood gas data in hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in children. METHODS In a pilot study of 10 children with chronic liver disease, who had HPS, 20 mg/kg/d PTX was administered for 3 mo. Clinical data and arterial blood gas parameters were evaluated at baseline, the end of the treatment period,...