Acute viral hepatitis is a term that is generally given to the disease condition attributed to a group of viruses that have the propensity to infect the liver and cause necroinflammation. Although these hepatotropic viruses share a common clinical presentation, they belong to different virus families, have different modes of transmission, and differ in their propensity to lead to chronic infect...

Background: Hemophilia A and B are the most frequent congenital coagulation disorders. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency viruses among hemophilic patients in Hamadan, Iran. Patients and Methods: In this study, patients with hemophilia A and B treated in Hamedan Hemophilia Center, Hamedan, Iran, were screened for hepatitis B, C and...

WHY IMMUNE ESCAPE IS IMPORTANT Knowledge of the molecular virology of the hepatitis viruses and the responses they elicit has emphasised the importance of host immunity in resolving infection and mediating liver damage. Many viruses cause cytolytic infections in which viral replication occurs at the expense of host cell viability. However this is a shortsighted strategy for the virus as it prov...

Background: Recently, some new viruses have been identified for their association with hepatitis which Torque Teno Mini Virus being among them. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Torque Teno Mini Virus in healthy individuals and hepatitis B and C patients in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: One hundred serum samples of healthy individuals from Isfahan Blood Transfusi...

BACKGROUND Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is considered to be associated with numerous systemic conditions one of which includes Chronic Liver Disease (CLD). Hepatitis virus B and C (HBV and HCV) have known to be important causative agents of CLD and can be prevalent in asymptomatic carriers that can make them difficult to identify. Off late, the association of viral hepatitis with OLP has been a sub...

In the early 1990’s, occasional incidents of transmission of enveloped viruses (hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV)) and other blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis A virus (HAV) occurred with plasma-derived medicinal products. As a result, the effectiveness of processes for inactivation/ removal of enveloped viruses was increased. In addition, the Committee on Proprietary Medicinal Produc...

The western region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin has long been shown to be a highly endemic area for hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses. Data concerning the prevalence of hepatitis C and E viruses in this region are still scarce. In this study we investigated the presence of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses infection in communities that live along the Purus and Acre rivers in the states of A...

Reprinted with permission from CME August 2005 Vol. 23 No. 8 M any viruses can infect the liver, but are usually not able to enter hepatocytes due to certain barriers such as the activity of Kupffer cells. Viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus frequently cause hepatitis as part of a systemic illness, but this is seldom the main symptom. The typical hepatitis virus is able to en...

Hepatitis viruses are infectious agents that can infect liver and cause inflammation. The infection triggers immune response against infected cells that leads to the destruction of hepatic cells. This destruction has two consequences: leaking ALT and AST liver enzymes which increases during the course of disease and accumulation of bilirubin- a red pigmented compound released from dead red cell...

Viral hepatitis is a disease of antiquity, but evidence for more than one etiologic agent has been recognized only since the 1940s, when two viruses (hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus) were thought to account for all disease. In the past 20 years, three additional hepatitis agents (hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus) have been discovered, and there is evidence for...