It is now well established that major changes in hepatic fatty acid degradation occur at birth and at weaning. Thus the rate of oxidation of [14C]palmitate by liver preparations increases rapidly after birth and decreases on weaning (Lockwood & Bailey, 1970; Bailey & Lockwood, 1973). Similar changes are observed with regard to theconcentration of ketone bodies in the blood (Lockwood &Bailey, 19...

We have investigated the effects of embryo number and maternal undernutrition imposed either around the time of conception or before implantation on hepatic lipid metabolism in the sheep fetus. We have demonstrated that periconceptional undernutrition and preimplantation undernutrition each resulted in decreased hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation regulators, PGC-1α (P < 0.05), PDK2 (P < 0.01), and ...

Hepatic steatosis frequently complicates total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Some of the mechanisms responsible were examined in rats receiving calories as dextrose (CHO-TPN) or dextrose plus lipid emulsion (Lipid-TPN). Hepatic triglyceride content increased approximately threefold after CHO-TPN and twofold after Lipid-TPN (P less than 0.02). Hepatic triglyceride fatty acid composition reflected ...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a highly-inducible transcriptional coactivator implicated in the coordinate regulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and gluconeogenesis. The present study sought to assess the effects of chronic PGC-1α deficiency on metabolic flux through the hepa...

Peffer, Pasha Lyvers, Xi Lin, and Jack Odle. Hepatic -oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in neonatal pigs after dietary treatments of clofibric acid, isoproterenol, and medium-chain triglycerides. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R1518–R1524, 2005. First published February 24, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00822.2004.—A suckling piglet model was used to study nutritional and ...

3-Aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA) is a human metabolite of carcinogenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), which occurs in diesel exhaust and air pollution. Understanding which cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in metabolic activation and/or detoxication of this toxicant is important in the assessment of an individual's susceptibility to this substance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ef...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a major public health concern in the obese and type 2 diabetic populations. The high-fat lard diet induces obesity and fatty liver in C57BL/6J mice and suppresses expression of the PPAR-target gene, FA elongase 5 (Elovl5). Elovl5 plays a key role in MUFA and PUFA synthesis. Increasing hepatic Elovl5 activity in obese mice lowered hepatic TGs and endoplasmic r...

Treatment of rats in vivo with cobalt chloride stimulated heme oxidation by hepatic microsomes to levels up to 800% above controls. This treatment also caused increases in liver weight and in total microsomal protein; in contrast, marked decreases were produced in microsomal oxidation of ethylmorphine (80%), and in cytochrome P-450 (60-70%) and heme (30-50%) contents. Cobalt chloride treatment ...

At micromolar concentrations, acetyl-CoA inhibited hepatic carnitine acyltransferase activity and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The inhibitory effects were not nearly as potent on a molar basis as those of malonyl-CoA; nevertheless, the cytosolic concentrations of acetyl-CoA, as yet unknown, may be sufficient (greater than 30 microM) to curtail appreciably the mitochondrial transfer of lo...