Benzene is widely distributed in the environment. The exposure scenario of most concern to the general public is low-level inhalation over long periods. This is because the general population is exposed to benzene mainly through inhalation of contaminated air, particularly in areas of heavy traffic and around gas stations, and through inhalation of tobacco smoke from both active and passive smo...

An Agilent ZORBAX sub-2 μm Rapid Resolution High Definition (RRHD) 300SB-C8 reversed-phase column was used under optimized chromatographic conditions for delivering highly resolved ultra fast separations of reduced and alkylated monoclonal antibodies. The StableBond C8 phase and RRHD column technology, in combination with robust gradient elution conditions enabled efficient, fast, and effective...

Reactions of a-amino acids with ketones under hydrogenation conditions using 20% Pd(OH)2/C as the catalyst gave N-mono-alkylated amino acids in high yields. Reductive methylation of N-mono-alkylated amino acids under the same hydrogenation conditions at 50°C afforded N,N-di-alkylated amino acids in excellent yields. This simple method has been used to synthesize N-monoand N,N-di-alkylated amino...

Here, we show the one-step synthesis of N-alkylated anilines from nitrobenzenes and alcohols catalyzed by nano-gold catalyst. The yields to N-alkylated anilines were ∼90% under mild conditions. The mechanism of this reaction was explored. It shows promise for clean and simple synthesis of N-alkylated anilines.

A well-organized monolayer of alkylated perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-3,4,9,10-diimide (PTCDI) has been formed onto CVD graphene transferred on a transparent substrate. Its structure has been probed by scanning tunnelling microscopy and its optical properties by polarized transmission spectroscopy at varying incidence. The results show that the transition dipoles of adsorbed PTCDI are all o...

Concern over polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in foodstuffs was started during the 1960s and 1970s, where two classes of food toxicants producing tumours have been focused i.e. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitroso compounds (Jägerstad and Skog, 2005). PAHs are referring to a series of organic compound containing two or more fused aromatic rings (Danyi et al., 2009; El-Ba...

Reductive catalytic fractionation of biomass has recently emerged as a powerful lignin extraction and depolymerization method to produce monomeric aromatic oxygenates in high yields. Here, bifunctional molybdenum-based polyoxometalates supported on titania (POM/TiO2 ) are shown to promote tandem hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and alkylation reactions, converting lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics in...

C6-Alkylated purine analogues were obtained in good to excellent isolated yields by S(N)Ar reaction of 6-chloropurine derivatives with 3-alkyl-acetylacetone. 3-Alkyl-acetylacetones were employed as alkylating agents and C6-alkylated purines were obtained highly selectively within short reaction time under microwave irradiation conditions. This work is complementary to the classical coupling rea...

[1] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important interstellar species, and their precursor benzene (C6H6) has been detected in our solar system. In this study the possibility of benzene formation in the atmosphere of Titan is investigated. Benzene abundance in Titan’s atmosphere is found to be rather highly dependent on the assumed mechanism for benzene production. Assuming reactions i...