This paper deals with the topics of heat consumption in the municipal heat distribution systems and problems linked with modeling and simulation of systems providing heat supply. These systems will be called SHDC (System of Heat Distribution and Consumption). The significant problem in the controlling mechanism of such systems consists in transport delay of transferring heat media. As a result ...

Roads cover a significant fraction of the land area in many municipalities. The public provision of roads means this land is exempt from the local property tax. Transferring roads from public to private ownership would not only remove maintenance costs from city budgets, but increase potential property tax revenue as well. This paper calculates the value of the land occupied by roads in sample ...

Heat exchangers play an important role in the performance of thermal machines, namely, electric power generators, engines and refrigerators. Regarding thermoelectrics, this influence is even higher, owing to the difficulty of transferring heat from the small surface area of a typical thermoelectric module to a bigger one. Particularly, in the hot face of an average 40 mm x 40 mm Peltier module,...

This paper examines whether an individual-level transfer of property rights increases the individual’s bargaining power within the household. The question is analyzed in the context of a housing reform that occurred in China that gave existing tenants the opportunity to purchase the homes that they had been renting from their state employers. The rights to each housing unit were granted to a pa...

Adding a small amount of nanoparticles to conventional fluids (nanofluids) has been proved to be an effective way for improving capability of heat transferring in base fluids. The change in micro structure of base fluids and micro motion of nanoparticles may be key factors for heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids. Therefore, it is essential to examine these mechanisms on microscopic level. T...

The publication is devoted to a meeting of the Board Federal Service for Intellectual Property, which addressed issues related digital transformation department aimed at increasing satisfaction citizens and organizations with quality public services in field intellectual property by transferring human interaction state environment. participants also discussed issue 'On International Competence ...

Heat transfer is essential to maintaining a thennal balance. While it is generally understood that the passive flow of heat is in a direction from high to low temperature, the active transfer of heat via blood flow plays a very important role in thermoregulation. The fonner mechanism is labelled conductive heat transfer while the latter is labelled convective and is the primary means of transfe...

Sharing spatial data derived from remote sensing is a very significant thing. Grid computing and Web Service technology provides fundamental support for it. In this paper we mainly discuss architecture and middleware of sharing spatial data derived from remote sensing and processing. Because middleware of automatically transferring and task execution on grid is the key of the architecture, we s...