Pharmacoeconomics is defined as the science of identifying and comparing costs and the consequences of drug therapy in health care programs. As a sub-discipline of health economics, pharmacoeconomics, is fairly a new research discipline in the world which has come about mainly in response to economic pressures on health systems. The root of this pressure lies in the mismatch of enhanced demand ...

Health economics has had a significant impact on the New Zealand health system over the past 30 years. In this paper, I set out a framework for thinking about health economics, give some historical background to New Zealand and the New Zealand health system, and discuss examples of how health economics has influenced thinking about the organisation of the health sector and priority setting. I c...

Choices need to be made between competing uses of health care resources. There is debate about how these choices should be made, who should make them and the criteria upon which they should be made. Evaluation of health care is an important part of this debate. It has been suggested that the contribution of health economics to the evaluation of health promotion is limited, both because the meth...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 background: although health system management is one of the main roles of health care providers, medical sciences students are not properly trained for it. the first national scientific olympiad for managerial reasoning and problem solving was designed to motivate students for acquiring managerial knowledge and skills, imp...

background and objectives: social security organization (sso) is the second largest organization to the ministry of health and medical education (mohme) in providing health care services in iran. in recent years the gap between the sso’s resources and expenditures has shown an unprecedented growing trend due to the rapidly increasing demand. continuation of this trend may lead to financial imba...

user financial incentives (ufis) have emerged as a powerful tool for health promotion. strong evidence suggests that large enough incentives paid to individuals, conditional on behaviour they can control, encourages more of the desired behaviour. however, such interventions can have unintended consequences for non-targeted behaviours. implementation difficulties that result in individuals not u...

Economic evaluation in modern health care systems is seen as a transparent scientific framework that can be used to advance progress towards improvements in population health at the best possible value. Despite the perceived superiority that trial-based studies have in terms of internal validity, economic evaluations often employ observational data. In this review, the interface between econome...