avicenna has presented some divisions of happiness: at the first he defines it as favorite thing per se (intrinsically), and goal in itself. he divides also happiness in one respect into two kinds; the first one is happiness in relation to different powers of soul, and the other is happiness in relation to soul itself. from the other viewpoint he divides happiness into bodily and spiritual and ...

existence of suffering in life is undeniable. but, why does suffering exist? what is its cause? are there any meanings for this life? is it possible to escape from suffering? dostoyevsky, who believes that suffering is an inherent element of human life, tries to represent the problem of suffering and men's reactions to it in his works. he believes that not only suffering does exist, but al...

I show that persistent underconfidence and overconfidence each arise from rational learning about one’s own abilities. If an agent chooses to exert more effort when more confident and believes that greater effort reliably improves outcomes, then the agent learns away overconfidence faster than he learns away underconfidence. The agent ends up underconfident on average. In contrast, the agent en...

Noncooperative games are examined from the point of view of an outside observer who believes that the players are rational and that they know at least as much as the observer. The observer is assumed to be able to observe many instances of the play of the game; these instances are identical in the sense that the observer cannot distinguish between the settings in which different plays occur. If...

Milorad Radakovic is a teaching fellow in veterinary public health (VPH) at the University of Cambridge. Here, he explains why he believes the challenges in this field of veterinary medicine make for an exciting career path. In a second article to be published in Vet Record Careers next week, he will share some of his own experiences of working in this field.

For the public accounting profession to remain viable, ethics is a crucial problem. This study aims analyze professional from accountant's viewpoint. In order accomplish this, an approach based on Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics employed. According Ricoeur, interpretation continues be explained through conduct after understanding. The information was obtained in-depth interviews with ten accountant...

In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes voices concern over the squandering of the‎ prospects human prosperity. This paper argues that remedy he proposes ‎is political replication scripture’s idea creation; acknowledgment ‎of an originator, a first cause indisputable order. Hobbes’s nemesis, ‎Fool, is agent antithetical tohu and bohu (the disarray that‎ preceded creation), who misguidedly believes can work...