Objective(s) The aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis B virus surface protein genotypes and sequence variations among hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positive chronic patients in Hormozgan province, south of Iran. Materials and Methods A total of 8 patients enrolled in this study. The surface gene was amplified and directly sequenced. Genotypes and nucleotide/amino acid...

results the results of ifn-γ, il-4 production against antigens, epitopes, and recombinant catalase by t-cells were compared for better understanding of epitope efficiency. conclusions the current research demonstrated that epitope sequence stimulates cellular immune responses effectively. in addition, increased safety and potency as well as a reduction in time and cost were advantages of this m...

Correlation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) spontaneous resolution with Th1 and CD8(+)CTL responses during natural infection implies the potentiality of poly-CTL-epitopic HCV vaccines. We recently reported in silico design and construction of DNA vaccines (pcPOL-plasmids) harboring HCV CTL epitopes. Herein, we provide data of mice immunization by pcPOL, (encoding; core(132-142) [C], E2(405-414) [E(4...

Hepatitis B vaccination is safe and effective, although breakthrough infection occasionally occurs in those who receive the vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) prophylaxis. Sequence variation in their antigenic regions is one of the most powerful strategies that are used by viruses to escape recognition by B and T cell-mediated immune responses. The aim of this study was to explore th...

In view of the high antigenic variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a vaccine against AIDS must induce an immune response to epitopes as invariable as possible among the various virus strains and clones. Previously the highly conserved six amino acid sequence Glu-Leu-Asp-Lys-Trp-Ala (ELDKWA) from gp41, defining the epitope of the human MAb 2F5, was shown to elicit HIV-1-ne...

background: boophilus tick is responsible for the transmission of some pathogens (types of germs) and the reduction of fertility in cattles. tropomyosin protein plays an important role in regulating actin function, immune and allergic reactions and vaccine production. objectives: accurate identification of antigenic determinants (epitopes) is difficult, time consuming and not economic, thus we ...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene and protein variations have frequently been observed in chronic patients. The aims of this study were to determine the genotypes as well as the patterns of HBsAg variations in chronically-infected patients from the south-eastern part of Iran. METHODS Twenty- one chronic inactive HBV carriers from Sistan-Balouchestan Province (an area with a low prevalen...

A pentadecapeptide (2F10 peptide) is capable of mimicking the group-specific "a" determinant of human hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at both the B- and the T-cell level. This peptide represents a sequence on the heavy-chain hypervariable region of a monoclonal "internal image" anti-idiotype (anti-id 2F10) that has partial sequence homology to the "a" determinant epitope of HBsAg. To identi...

The recombinant hepatitis B virus surface (HBsAg) and core (HBcAg) virus like particles (VLPs) have the ability to serve as carriers of foreign B cell and CTL epitopes. Different approaches have been used to couple the target epitopes, like the insertion into the primary sequence of the VLP, covalent and noncovalent linkage. Particularly, the non-covalent linkage was used to develop the vaccine...

The use of molecules that represent single, defined epitopes able to substitute for antigen (i.e. surrogate antigens) offers considerable advantages over the use of native antigen for the precise manipulation of the immune response. We have investigated the immunochemical characteristics of two types of surrogate hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) epitopes: (a) linear and cyclical synthetic pe...