Nepal is situated in an area with considerable seismic activity. It important to choose structural systems that can withstand the lateral loads. In a dual system of reinforced concrete structures, placement shear walls optimally increases stiffness buildings. The rigidity RC buildings may be improved by strategically placing lift core walls. Buildings would more useful if they had easy access e...

The present work is concerned with the introduction of a new first level pre- and post-earthquake seismic assessment protocol for buildings that relies on use recorded structural response. As earthquakes represent constant unpredictable threat building stock around globe, protocols already in assessing risk should be revised also take into account information hidden data field. Nowadays, collec...

Wind-induced loss modeling plays a key role in insurance risk management. Hence, flexible vulnerability framework is to be developed for residential and commercial buildings. This model predicts the losses induced by hurricane wind pressure, wind-borne debris wind-driven rain. Twenty-five different variables of buildings environment are used as attributes simulations. Model results validated us...

Abstract Tropical cyclone (TC) risk assessments are critical for disaster preparedness and response. Alongside hazard exposure, accurate TC assessment requires understanding the vulnerability of populations assets. In this chapter, we examine multiple methods that have been used to assess quantify with a focus on open-source methods. We separately discuss structural, economic, social (or demogr...