The iwān is one of the most prominent spaces of Iranian architecture whose background can be traced to the historical site of Hasanlu IV (ninth to eleventh centuries B.C.). The inclusion of the iwān in Iranian architecture indicates that it is an historical model and a consistent feature of Iranian architecture, maintaining its continuity over centuries and millennia. This study investigates th...

Obsidian artifacts is frequently used materials in prehistory and found widely in archaeological sites. Provenance studies of obsidian has been an issue of intense research and debate between archaeologists and geologists. Since different provenance studies has been carried out from 1960s up to 2015 in Anatolia and Caucasus but obsidian studies in Iran is in very early stage and consider as ter...