Prymnesium parvum is a toxin-producing haptophyte that causes harmful algal blooms globally, leading to large-scale fish kills that have severe ecological and economic implications. For the model haptophyte, Emiliania huxleyi, it has been shown that large dsDNA viruses play an important role in regulating blooms and therefore biogeochemical cycling, but much less work has been done looking at v...

The detection of harmful algae is obviously of great economic importance to leisure, tourism and fisheries world–wide. Yet there are no robust techniques that may be deployed in the field for the routine assay of harmful algae in water samples. A number of seemingly promising avenues have been explored in recent years from HPLC to flow cytometry, working on the detection of specific poisons, or...

We investigate whether the impact of institutions depends not just on their current state but also on how they came to be. In particular, we hypothesize that while economic freedom that emerges spontaneously may be growth promoting, economic freedom that emerges as a result of costly lobbying efforts may be less fruitful. In an extreme case, costly lobbying efforts may even negate the growth-en...

Households became more geographically segregated by income in the United States between 1970 and 1990. Research shows that growing up in a poor neighborhood is associated with worse outcomes for children. This suggests that economic segregation may be harmful to children. Economic inequality also increased between 1970 and 1980. Theoretical arguments suggest that the increase in inequality led ...

The awareness of environmental, economic and sociological problems is rising. The purpose of such an approach is to reconcile industrial development with environmental capacities. This approach to environmental protection dates back to the time when the devastation of environment brought on by human factor, the intensification of production process and a build-up of harmful pollutants first bec...

In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, the implications of financial liberalisation for stability and economic growth has come under increased scrutiny. One strand of literature posits a positive relationship between financial liberalisation and economic growth and development. However, others emphasise the link between financial liberalisation is intrinsically associated with fi...

Economic downturns could have long-term impacts on population health if they promote changes in health behaviors, but the evidence for whether people are more or less likely to adopt negative health behaviors in economically challenging times has been mixed. This paper argues that researchers need to draw more careful distinctions amongst different types of recessionary hardships and the mechan...