Adults process others’ actions with apparent ease, despite the complexity involved. Expertise seems key, yet little is known about how expertise alters action processing. Perhaps expertise reshapes how attention is allocated as actions unfold. We investigated this possibility using Hard, Recchia, & Tversky’s (2011) “dwell-time paradigm:” viewers advance through slideshows extracted from a digit...

In this paper, the scientific methodology of the contemporary philosopherImre Lakatos is revised to construct a methodology for theological systems. In this methodology, each theological system consists of the following main elements: (1) hard core I, (2) protective wall, (3) hard core II, and (4) auxiliary hypotheses. We will expound the criteria for the evaluation of different theolo...

Remark 1. One may wonder why Impagliazzo’s hard core lemma (see the previous lecture for the lemma statement) is not enough to get a 12 −2 −δn-hard function starting with a 2−δn-hard function. The difficulty lies in the fact that the hard core lemma only tells about the existence of a hard core set such that on that set f is 1 2 − 2 −δn -hard. We do not know how to sample from that hard core se...