One of the important scientific breakthroughs of the past decade was the discovery that certain RNA molecules have inherent catalytic capacities. These RNAs, or ribozymes, seemed likely to have defined three-dimensional conformations analogous to the structures required for the enzymatic activity of proteins. Since the only RNA structures known at atomic resolution were transfer RNAs and simple...

While movement is essential to human wellbeing, we are still unable to reproduce the deftness and robustness of human movement in automatons or completely restore function to individuals with many types of motor impairment. To better understand how the human nervous system plans and controls movements, neuromechanists employ simple tasks such as upper extremity reaches and isometric force tasks...

Developing technologies that would enable NASA to sample rock, soil, and ice by coring, drilling or abrading at a significant depth is of great importance for a large number of in-situ exploration missions as well as for earth applications. Proven techniques to sample Mars subsurface will be critical for future NASA astrobiology missions that will search for records of past and present life on ...

A modeling tool not only helps users express their ideas and thoughts but also serves as a communication platform among domain experts, designers, developers, and others practitioners. Existing modeling tools have shortcomings in terms of supported functionality and situated usability or do not meet the needs of users of varying levels of expertise. To facilitate improvement of such modeling to...

This paper presents attacks targeting the FPGAs of AWS F1 instances at electrical level through power-hammering, where excessive dynamic power is used to crash FPGA instances. We demonstrate different power-hammering that pass all security fences implemented on instances, including vendor design rule checks. In addition, we fingerprint observe responsiveness which indicates a successful denial-...

Hammer testing, a nondestructive testing method, has been demonstrated to provide information on structural damage. One of the biggest challenges with this method is simultaneous identification surface, internal, and composite damage (consisting both surface internal damage) in complex environment, such as post-disaster. A based variable-frequency hammering proposed solve problem. The importanc...