OBJECTIVE We compared the incidence of common diseases and accidents among Iranian pilgrims during Hajj 2004 and 2005, and determined the factors affecting the prevalence of each disease. METHODS We conducted this comparative study on 30037 Iranian pilgrims during Hajj 2004 and 75676 pilgrims during Hajj 2005, in Mecca and Medina in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this study, 23 types of comm...

Mass gatherings at religious events can pose major public health challenges, particularly the transmission of infectious diseases. Every year the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) hosts the Hajj pilgrimage, the largest gathering held on an annual basis where over 2 million people come to KSA from over 180 countries. Living together in crowded conditions exposes the pilgrims and the local population...

The Hajj os Calculus is a simple, nondeterministic procedure which generates precisely the class of non-3-colorable graphs. In this note, we prove exponential lower bounds on the size of tree-like Hajj os constructions .

Hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is a unique mass gathering event that raises public health concerns in the host country and globally. Although gastroenteritis and diarrhea are common among Hajj pilgrims, the microbial etiologies of these infections are unknown. We collected 544 fecal samples from pilgrims with medically attended diarrheal illness from 40 countries dur...

BACKGROUND One of the most important complications for women during hajj trip is menstruation and most commonly spotting, which is the second important problem. This complication would cause some problems in performing religious rites as the main purpose of the trip and on the other hand, it would lead to psychologic complications for women. Controlling psychologic complications of women during...

This note describes an integrated recognition system for identifying missing and found objects as well as missing, dead, and found people during Hajj and Umrah seasons in the two Holy cities of Makkah and Madina in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is assumed that the total estimated number of pilgrims will reach 20 millions during the next decade. The ultimate goal of this system is to integrate...

TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the correspondence by Karagoz et al [1] regarding our article on the prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coro-navirus (MERS-CoV) nasal carriage and compliance with the Saudi health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 Hajj [2]. On behalf of all authors of our original article, we would like to respond to their correspondence. Karagoz e...

Hajj os theorem states that every graph with chromatic number at least k can be obtained from the complete graph K k by a sequence of simple operations such that every intermediate graph also has chromatic number at least k. Here, Hajj os theorem is extended in three slightly diierent ways to colorings and circular colorings of edge-weighted graphs. These extensions shed some new light on the H...

BACKGROUND Annually, Saudi Arabia is the host of the Hajj mass gathering. We aimed to determine the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nasal carriage rate among pilgrims performing the 2013 Hajj and to describe the compliance with the Saudi Ministry of Health vaccine recommendations. METHOD Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 5235 adult pilgrims from 22 countries a...

Prolonged cough occurs in a large proportion of the 2 million pilgrims who participate in the annual Hajj in Saudi Arabia. In a prospective seroepidemiological study to determine the incidence of pertussis among 358 adult pilgrims, 5 (1.4%) were found to have acquired pertussis (defined as prolonged cough and a >4-fold increase in the level of immunoglobulin G to whole-cell pertussis antigen). ...