In this research, White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) with 105.4LD50.mL-1 inactivated with gamma irradiation at a dose rate of 14-15 kGy.sec-1 was used as a vaccine. Three hundred and sixty shrimp of Litopenaeus vannamei, medium body weight (MBW) 1.0±0.17g), were prepared and experimentally exposed. They were distributed among four groups, inclusing vaccinated-virus exposed (T1), vaccinated-nonvir...

2,4-D is a widely used phenoxy herbicide, potentially toxic to humans and biota. The objective of the present study was to reveal short term sublethal effects of 2,4-D on narrow-clawed freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823), based on histology, total haemocyte counts, selected haemolymph parameters, and oxidative stress parameters. In the laboratory conditions crayfish sp...

Lipid composition of the fat body and haemolymph of male milkweed bug, On.cc@eltus fasciatus, was determined. Triglycerides were the predominant lipids of the fat body while diglycerides accounted for the major lipid in the haemolymph. Sterols, sterol esters, and non-esterified fatty acids were present in both fat body and haemoIymph besides triglycerides and diglycerides. Only traces of monogl...

Ventilatory control of internal CO(2) plays an important role in regulating extracellular acid-base balance in terrestrial animals. While this phenomenon is well understood among vertebrates, the role that respiration plays in the acid-base balance of insects is in need of much further study. To measure changes in insect haemolymph pH, we implanted micro pH optodes into the haemocoel of cockroa...

Changes in polypeptides pattern of haemolymph, midgut, ovary and salivary glands of female mosquito A. stephensi were studied when fed upon anti-mosquito haemolymph antibodies. The expression of almost all polypeptides was reduced in haemolymph and ovary of the immune fed mosquitoes as compared to control. However, there was no significant difference in case of midgut and salivary glands. Seven...

The discovery of a Hematodinium-like dinoflagellate infecting Nephrops norvegicus has led to a pathological investigation into the effects on the host and the apparent progression of the disease syndrome The parasite is systemic, invading the haemocoel and the connective tissues of most organs via the haemal spaces. An increase in the combined number of parasites and haemocytes in the haemolymp...

The effects of high temperature on cationic composition of haemolymph of the three selected races of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, viz., PM, NB4D2 and CSR2 during 4 moult and 5 instar larval development were th th investigated. Haemolymph cation levels increased significantly throughout the feeding period from 1 to 6 day st th in all the three races and showed a significant decrease on 7 day. Mg a...

Haemolymph Na+, Cl~, K+, Mg, Ca, Cu and protein levels, in vivo postbranchial acid-base status (total CO2, pH and PCOt), in vitro haemolymph buffer value, Bohr value and oxygen affinity were measured before and after a 31-week period in which control crayfish were maintained at normoxia and experimental crayfish were maintained at an ambient oxygen tension of 50-55 torr. Analysis of haemolymph ...

The haemolymph parameters for Octopus vulgaris and the condition index at molecular level were analysed using RNA/DNA and RNA/protein ratios on animals reared in floating cage systems and naturally infected by the coccidian Aggregata octopiana. Statistical analysis showed that as A. octopiana infection increased, there was a decrease in most inorganic elements and/or in haemocyte concentrations...

In this study the cellular and humoral immune reactions of the Greater wax moth Galleria mellonella have been investigated during bacterial infection caused by oral administration of Bacillus thuringiensis. Two different dose strengths were investigated to assess the contribution of immune parameters to induced Bt resistance. Low-dose (sublethal LC15) infection resulted in significantly elevate...