Beams of 200 MeV protons and 400 MeV/u fully stripped carbon ions are used for the treatment of solid tumours seated at a maximum depth of 27 cm. More than 100’000 patients have been treated with proton beams and more than 10’000 with carbon ions. Very low proton currents of the order of 1 nA are enough to deliver the typical dose of 2 Gy/l in one minute. In the case of carbon ions the currents...

fter 14 years of construction, the Large Hadron Collider, the world’s largest particle accelerator, fired its first beam of protons in September from its home at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) near Geneva. Now a spinoff technology for treating cancer is also nearing its European debut. The first European center to offer carbon ion therapy — a type of radiation treatment t...

Simulation of gamma and hadron showers in the energy range 100GeV- 25TeV has been carried out. For a big ideal Cherenkov light array, characteristics of lateral distribution of Cherenkov photon density have been studied. Results from this ideal detector are compared with those simulated for a real TUNKA- like array to investigate experimental potential of using existence of a hump in lateral di...

Bachground: Hadron therapy is a novel technique of cancer radiation therapy which employs charged particles beams, 1H and light ions in particular. Due to their physical and radiobiological properties, they allow one to obtain a more conformal treatment, sparing better the healthy tissues located in proximity of the tumor and allowing a higher control of the disease.  Objective: As it is well ...

During the past decades, large-scale national neutron sources were developed in Asia, Europe, and North America. Complementing such efforts, compact hadron beam complexes and neutron sources intended to serve primarily universities and industrial institutes were proposed and some have recently been established. Responding to the demand in China for multidisciplinary fundamental and applied rese...