Using controlled environmental growth chambers, whole plants of soybean, cv. ‘Clark’, were examined during early development (7–20 days after sowing) at both ambient (μ 350 μL L–1) and elevated (μ 700 μL L–1) carbon dioxide and a range of air temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) to determine if future climatic change (temperature or CO2 concentration) could alter the ratio of carbon lost by dar...

We observed the changes in aggressiveness and fecundity of the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum on hot pepper, under the ambient and the twice-ambient treatments. Artificial infection was repeated over 100 cycles for ambient (25°C/400 ppm CO2) and twice-ambient (30°C/700 ppm CO2) growth chamber conditions, over 3 years. During repeated infection cycles (ICs) on green-pepper fruits, ...

To determine whether long-term growth in enriched CO(2) atmospheres changes the woody tissue respiration component of aboveground carbon budgets, we measured woody tissue respiration of stems of 3-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) grown in ambient (350 ppm) or twice ambient (700 ppm) atmospheric CO(2) concentrations in open-top field chambers located in Placerville, CA. Total resp...

The volatility of sub-micrometer atmospheric aerosol particles was studied in a rural background environment in Finland using a combination of a heating tube and a scanning mobility particle sizer. The analysis focused on nanoparticles formed through nucleation which were subsequently observed during their growth in the diameter range between 5 and 60 nm. During the 6 days of new particle forma...

We examined how elevated atmospheric [CO2] and higher rate of nitrogen (N) input may influence grasshopper growth by changing food plant quality and how such effects may be modified by species diversity of the plant community. We reared grasshopper nymphs (Melanoplus femurrubrum) on Poa pratensis from field-grown monocultures or polycultures (16 species) that were subjected to either ambient or...

Development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability, gill Na,K-ATPase activity, condition factor and growth in Atlantic salmon during parr–smolt transformation was studied in a 2 3 factorial design with three temperatures (12.0, 8.9 jC and ambient, 2.4–11.9 jC, mean: 6.0 jC) and two farmed strains of smolts (Mowi and AquaGen). The development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability and gill Na,K-ATPase activity ...

1. Competition effects on growth of individual trees were examined for 4 years in aggrading, mixed-clone stands of trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) at the Aspen-FACE free-air CO 2 and O 3 enrichment facility in northern Wisconsin, USA. During each growing season stands received one of four combinations of atmospheric [CO 2 ] (ambient vs ∼ 56 Pa) and [O 3 ] (ambient vs ∼ 1·5 × ambie...

We have examined the interaction of photoperiod and temperature in regulating the parr-smolt transformation and its endocrine control. Atlantic salmon juveniles were reared at a constant temperature of 10 degrees C or ambient temperature (2 degrees C from January to April followed by seasonal increase) under simulated natural day length. At 10 degrees C, an increase in day length [16 h of light...

As a result of stratospheric ozone depletion, more solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–315 nm) is reaching the Earth’s surface. Enhanced levels of UV-B may, in turn, alter ecosystem processes such as decomposition. Solar UV-B radiation could affect decomposition both indirectly, by changes in the chemical composition of leaves during growth, or directly by photochemical breakdown of litter...

Elevated atmospheric CO2 can alter aquatic communities via changes in allochthonous litter inputs. We tested effects of atmospheric CO2 on the invasive Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and native Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) via changes in competition for microbial food or resource inhibition/toxicity. Quercus alba L. litter was produced under elevated (879 ppm) and ambient (388 ppm) at...