This paper concerns vegetation parameter retrieval from polarimetric interferometric SAR (PolInSAR) data. A two–component polarimetric interferometric model, designed for geophysical parameter retrieval, is presented for volumetric media over ground. It is based on a scattering model based polarimetric decomposition and the random volume over ground (RVoG) PolInSAR inversion technique. For fore...

The flow induced by a finite disc rotating near horizontal ground is considered, including the effects of an underbody. This paper concentrates on determining the shape of the free layer beyond the rim of the disc which is horizontal in the absence of the underbody and ground but forced to deform to ensure that conditions across the layer are satisfied when the underbody or ground is added. The...

During a haze event in Baltimore, U.S.A. from July 6 to 8, 2002, smoke from forest fires in the Québec region (Canada), degraded air quality and impacted upon local climate, decreasing solar radiation and air temperature. The smoke particles in and above the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) served as a tracer and provided a unique opportunity to investigate the ABL structure, especially entrain...

Previous research has shown that the temperature of underlying permafrost decreases after the ground surface is covered with sand. No significant conclusions have yet been drawn that explain why this happens, because the heat transfer mechanism effects of the sand layer on the underlying permafrost remain unclear. These mechanisms were studied in the present work. We found that the upward short...

The characteristics of residual stress (RS) profiles and their effects on rolling contact fatigue life for precision turned and ground surfaces with a white layer (WL) are very controversial. The key findings of this study are: (a) The basic RS profiles by a sharp tool can be fundamentally changed by a turned WL but not a ground WL; (b) The hook shaped RS profile of a turned surface may have ab...