In this paper, we propose a new mathematical model for image processing. It is a logarithmical one. We consider the bounded interval (-1, 1) as the set of gray levels. Firstly, we define two operations: addition 〈+〉 and real scalar multiplication 〈×〉. With these operations, the set of gray levels becomes a real vector space. Then, defining the scalar product (.|.) and the norm || . ||, we obtai...

Even though soft tissues are of primary interest to radiologists, they are represented using only 12.5% of the total number of gray levels in a typical DICOM format of a Computed Tomography (CT) scan. This poor distribution of gray levels reduces the overall contrast and the texture differences between individual organs, and poses a serious visualization problem since radiologists need clear vi...

Synergistic allocation of urban stormwater infrastructure is critical to flood risk prevention and control under extreme rainfall events. This study focuses on the interaction regularity green, gray, blue in process runoff retention discharge scenarios. Three strategies, namely, gray infrastructure, green-gray green-gray-blue are proposed analyze effectiveness different scenarios capabilities d...

objective(s): as heat, pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms. generally, calcitonin (ct) is prescribed as an analgesic agent for the treatment of pain, especially for the pain caused by osteoporosis or primary and metastatic bone tumor. however, the detailed mechanism remains unknown.materials and methods: in this study, chronic constriction injury (cci) rat model was created, and ho...

Alterations in gray and white matter have been well documented in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Severity and extent of such brain tissue damage have been associated with cognitive impairment, disease duration and neurological disability, making quantitative indices of tissue damage important markers of disease progression. In this study, we investigated the association between cardioresp...

Image captured under various environment conditions with low contrast results in visual deterioration. To enhance the contrast of images a number of techniques have been proposed over the years. Histogram equalization is one of those methods which could be used for this purpose. For the contrast enhancement purpose histogram equalization (HE) attempts reduction in the number of gray levels. Con...

Examination of specimens and dkcussion of results .................. Tabulation of spinal nerves of pigeon based on examination of specimens Rhomboid sinus . Enlargements .................................. Determination of root levels ...................................... General relations of gray and white matter ........................ Cell columns in the central gray matter ..................

In this paper we study a variational approach for filling-in regions of missing data in 2D and 3D digital images. Applications of this technique include the restoration of old photographs and removal of superimposed text like dates, subtitles, or publicity, or the zooming of images. The approach presented here, initially introduced in [12], is based on a joint interpolation of the image gray-le...