Walking behavior is context-dependent, resulting from the integration of internal and external influences by specialized motor and pre-motor centers. Neuronal programs must be sufficiently flexible to the locomotive challenges inherent in different environments. Although insect studies have contributed substantially to the identification of the components and rules that determine locomotion, we...

In this short note, we try to clarify a seemly trivial but often confusing question in relating a higher-dimensional physical gravitational constant to its lower-dimensional correspondence in Kaluza-Klein reduction. In particular, we re-derive the low-energy M-theory gravitational constant in terms of type IIA string coupling gs and constant α ′ through the metric relation between the two theor...

We consider multidimensional gravity with a Lagrangian containing the Ricci tensor squared and the Kretschmann invariant. In a Kaluza-Klein approach with a single compact extra space of arbitrary dimension, with the aid of a slow-change approximation (as compared with the Planck scale), we build a class of spatially flat cosmological models in which both the observed scale factor a(τ) and the e...

introduction air pollution has harmful effect on human health and the environment. accordingly, considerable effort has been put to analyze the air pollutants. one important issue is the spatial distribution of these pollutants. dispersion of the pollutants released from sources on the ground is mostly driven by the planetary boundary layer where turbulent flow causes mixing of the content of t...

Vibrations of blade and tower have important impact for wind turbine. This paper presents a active controller design to suppress blade edgewise vibrations under aerodynamic load and gravitational load.Treating the sum of aerodynamic load input in edgewise direction and gravitational load as unknown disturbance input,a stochastic disturbance accommodating control(SDAC) approach is proposed to de...

nowadays using of new energies in the form of dispersed resources in the worlds is wide spreading. in this article we will design a dispersed production source in the form of a solar/wind hybrid power plant in order to supply the energy of a residential unit according to a sample load pattern. the aim of aforementioned design is to reduce its costs in a period of 20 years. in order to optimi...

Higher–dimensional theories imply that some constants, such as the gravitational constant and the strength of the gauge–couplings, are not fundamental constants. Instead they are related to the sizes of the extra–dimensional space, which are moduli fields in the four– dimensional effective theory. We study the cosmological evolution of the moduli fields appearing in brane world scenarios and di...

We present an efficient structure for the computation of robot dynamics in real time. The fundamental characteristic of this structure is the division of the computation into a high-priority synchronous task and low-priority background tasks, possibly sharing the resources of a conventional computing unit based on commercial microprocessors. The background tasks compute the inertial and gravita...