In this paper I study the probability distribution of the gravitational force in gravitational systems through numerical experiments. I show that Kandrup’s (1980) and Antonuccio-Delogu & Atrio-Barandela’s (1992) theories describe correctly the stochastic force probability distribution respectively in inhomogeneous and clustered systems. I find equations for the probability distribution of stoch...

The gravitational force is assumed to be mediated by spin 2 gravitons which are composed of four spin 1/2 (sub-) fermions. The dynamics is governed by a nonlinear spinorfield equation with nonperturbative Pauli-Villars regularization and canonical quantization. On the quantum level the fermion dynamics is expressed by a functional equation for algebraic state functionals, and the "graviton" (fu...

In general relativity the gravitational field is a manifestation of spacetime curvature and unlike the electromagnetic field is not a force field. A body falling toward the Earth is represented by a geodesic worldline which means that no force is acting on it. If a body is on the Earth’s surface, however, its worldline is no longer geodesic and it is subjected to a force. The nature of that for...

The addition of inertia to exercising astronauts could increase ground reaction forces and potentially provide a greater health benefit. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the adaptations to additional mass (inertia) without additional net weight (gravitational force) during locomotion. We examined the effect of increasing inertia while maintaining net gravitational force...

In a recent paper of D.S. Hajdukovic (Astrophys. Space Sci. 343, 505, 2013), it is hypothetically claimed that “the quantum vacuum induces a retrograde precession of the perihelion and the Newton’s force of gravity might be accompanied with a tiny radial force that is a signature of the quantum vacuum”. However, the present paper argues that the quantum vacuum cannot really be the causal origin...