Bankfull discharge was identified in some 30 gravel-bed rivers representing in total c. 40 gauging stations. The catchment sizes vary from 4km2 to nearly 2700km2. Bankfull discharge value increases with basin size. In the case of gravel-bed rivers developed on an impermeable substratum, the following equation emerges: Qb=0·087 A 1·044. Bankfull discharge recurrence interval was determined by fi...

Field investigations at Dugway Proving Ground in western Utah have produced new data on the chronology and human occupation of late Pleistocene and early Holocene lakes, rivers, and wetlands in the Lake Bonneville basin. We have classified paleo-river channels of these ages as “gravel channels” and “sand channels.” Gravel channels are straight to curved, digitate, and have abrupt bulbous ends. ...

[1] A new data set of bimodal subaqueous channel bed sediments was analyzed for longitudinal patterns in grain size. It yielded two interesting observations: (1) separate fining trends in d50 exist for gravel and fines that overlap for 175 river kilometers, and (2) this overlap in fining trends results in a protracted (nonabrupt) gravel to sand transition. These suggest bed patchiness that is i...

In a set of streamside mesocosms, stream ecosystem respiration (ER) increased with biofilm biomass and flow heterogeneity (turbulence) generated by impermeable bed forms, even though those bed forms had no hyporheic exchange. Two streamside flumes with gravel beds (single layer of gravel) were operated in parallel. The first flume had no bed forms, and the second flume had 10 cmhigh dune-shaped...

To investigate hydrodynamic processes above and within river beds, laboratory experiments have been performed to quantify the interaction between turbulent flow and pressure fluctuations at a porous gravel bed. A 2-D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system measuring in streamwise vertical or horizontal planes above the gravel layer was used, synchronized with a pressure sensor array of 16 minia...

Salmonid embryos depend on the adequate flow of oxygenated water to survive and interstitial passageways to emerge from the gravel bed. Spawning gravels are initially cleaned by the spawning female, but sediment transported during subsequent high-runoff events can nfiltrate the porous substrate. In many gravel-bed channels used for spawning, most of the infiltrating sediment consists of sand an...

The effect of using coarse grain in the upper layer of a gravel-based reed bed is investigated. The aim for testing the “anti-sized” arrangement of gravel media is to seek a solution for the practical problem of medium clogging in reed beds that frequently takes place during the treatment of high strength wastewaters. Results from parallel operations of an anti-sized and a conventional “monosiz...