Generalization-the ability to abstract regularities from specific examples and apply them to novel instances-is an essential component of language acquisition. Generalization not only depends on exposure to input during wake, but may also improve offline during sleep. Here we examined whether targeted memory reactivation during sleep can influence grammatical generalization. Participants gradua...

Grammatical approaches to language technology are often considered less optimal than statistical approaches in multilingual settings, where large-scale portability becomes an important issue. The present paper argues that there is a notable gain in reusing grammatical resources when porting technology to new languages. The pivot language is North Sámi, and the paper discusses portability with r...

The paper proposes justification of using Mersenne primes in the following cryptoschemes: commutative and publickey encryption algorithms and zero-knowledge protocol. The cryptoschemes are based on computational difficulty of finding discrete logarithm in the finite fields GF (2), where s is a sufficiently large prime such that 2s−1 is also a prime, for example s = 1279, s = 2203, and s = 4253.

Feature structures are partially speciied, record-like structures which are employed in many recent grammar formalisms to represent linguistic objects of various kinds. Building on previous approaches to the logical representation of linguistic knowledge, this paper presents a logical language which is suuciently expressive to allow for the encoding of recursive constraints on feature structure...

This paper introduces three types of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) output errors that would require grammatical knowledge for prevention. The first type is due to words that are negative in meaning but not in form. Problems arise when the negative forms are obligatory in target languages. The second type of errors is derived from the rigidity of pattern phrases or correlatives which do ...

This paper presents a method for the assignment of grammatical relation labels in a sentence structure. The method has been implemented in the software tool AGRA (Automatic Grammatical Relation Assigner), which is part of a project for the development of a treebank of Italian sentences, and a knowledge base of Italian subcategorization frames. The annotation schema implements a notion of unders...

Abstract Computer-assisted textual enhancement (CATE) technology has been widely used to improve English as foreign language (EFL) learners’ syntactical and grammatical learning. Visual attention, repetition, prior knowledge are known the vital factors in CATE-assisted knowledge-acquisition; however, there still lacks a model which can describe those factors’ intrinsic cooperating-mechanism tha...

Previous studies have suggested that both automatic and intentional processes contribute to the learning of grammar and fragment knowledge in artificial grammar learning (AGL) tasks. To explore the relative contribution of automatic and intentional processes to knowledge gained in AGL, we utilized dual-task methodology to dissociate automatic and intentional grammar- and fragment-based knowledg...

In this paper we propose the components, the general architecture and application areas for a controlled natural language based multilingual semantic wiki. Such a wiki is a collaborative knowledge engineering environment that makes its content available via multiple languages, both natural and formal, all of them synchronized via their abstract form that is assigned by a shared grammar. We also...

Previous research shows that due to non-facilitative first language (L1) transfer, second (L2) speakers do not develop implicit knowledge of certain grammatical structures. Therefore, the present paper investigates whether L1-Sinhala–L2-English could acquire English object pronouns. To achieve this goal, compares data collected via an untimed grammaticality judgment task (untimed GJT) and oral ...