This thesis focuses on equality and extensionality in automated higher-order theorem proving based on Church's simply typed -calculus (classical type theory). First, a landscape of various semantical notions is presented that is motivated by the di erent roles equality adopts in them. Each of the semantical notions in this landscape | including Henkin semantics | is then linked with an abstract...

The article addresses the complex nature of ekphrasis as verbal representation works visual arts and discusses its explications through prism various metaphorical models. With metaphors paragone sister acknowledged two powerful models ekphrasis, a recently introduced metaphor fold is given close look. roots model are traced back to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz further philosophical elaboration thi...

Gottfried Wilhelm Osann (1796-1866) was a German scientist most renowned for his work in chemistry and physics. However, inspired by Goethe's work on color, he published a paper on simultaneous color contrast in 1833 using a method that is similar to that of later authors: reflection of an achromatic spot from an angled piece of glass. He wrote at least four more papers on color contrasts, in 1...

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Monadology (1714), §17 [1]: “Besides, it must be admitted that perception, and anything that depends on it, cannot be explained in terms of mechanistic causation – that is, in terms of shapes and motions. Let us pretend that there was a machine, which was constructed in such a way as to give rise to thinking, sensing, and having perceptions. You could imagine it expan...

One striking behavioral phenomenon is the "pull-to-center" bias in the newsvendor game: facing stochastic demand, subjects tend to order quantities between the expected profit maximizing quantity and mean demand. We show that the impulse balance equilibrium, which is based on a simple ex-post rationality principle along with an equilibrium condition, predicts the pull-to-center bias and other, ...

Abstract Between 1675 and 1676, while in Paris, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) got privileged access to some geometric manuscripts from late Blaise Pascal’s hand. Although said are not extant, Leibniz’s reading notes were preserved, together with his personal papers Hannover, under the heading “ Pascaliana .” The mathematical content of these influence they had on later work quite known ...

The Keralese origin of these series is independent of the discovery in a later century of the inverse-tangent expansion [ A ] by JAMES GREGORY (1671) and GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ (1673), of the sine and cosine series by ISAAC NEWTON (1670) and LEIBNIZ (1676). The Malay~]am work Yukti-bhCtsa, where these series are found, belongs unquestionably to the sixteenth century, and there is not the sli...