This paper introduces the Chinese BeiDou satellite system and its comparison with the actual completed American GPS and the Russian GLONASS systems. The actual BeiDou system consists of 14 satellites covering totally the Asia-Pacific area. A Single Point Positioning (SPP) test has been realised in Changsha, Hunan province, China, to show the advantage of using combined pseudorange solutions fro...

Russian global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) provides civilian and military users three-dimensional position determination and navigation services as same as US global positioning system. Geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) provides a simple interpretation of positioning precision. Usual method for GLONASS GDOP calculation is matrix inversion. However this process imposes a huge calc...

Over the last twenty years, positioning with low cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors have rapidly developed around the world at both a commercial and academic research level. For many years these instruments have only acquired the GPS constellation but are now able to track the Global'naja Navigacionnaja Sputnikovaja Sistema (GLONASS) constellation. This characteristic is ver...

Research has demonstrated that receiver clock modeling can reduce the correlation coefficients among the parameters of receiver clock bias, station height and zenith tropospheric delay. This paper introduces the receiver clock modeling to GPS/GLONASS combined precise point positioning (PPP), aiming to better separate the receiver clock bias and station coordinates and therefore improve position...

The integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) has been very actively researched for many years due to the complementary nature of the two systems. In particular, during the last few years the integration with micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) inertial measurement units (IMUs) has been investigated. In fact, recent advances in MEMS techn...

Multi-GNSS data analysis has become a new challenge with the development of satellite navigation systems. System bias is the key issue in Multi-GNSS data analysis, which has no recommended models within IGS community. We introduce the integrated data analysis model developed at the GNSS data analysis center of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO). Based on the routine GNSS data analysis at ...

In contrast to the US Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and the European Galileo, the developing Chinese BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS) consists of not only Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), but also Geostationary Orbit (GEO) as well as Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) satellites. In this study, the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) an...

In order to improve the precision of GLONASS orbits, this paper presents a method to connect the data segments of a single station-satellite pair to increase the observation continuity and, consequently, the strength of the precise orbit determination (POD) solution. In this method, for each GLONASS station-satellite pair, the wide-lane ambiguities derived from the Melbourne-Wübbena combination...

Abstract Due to the continued development of GLONASS satellites, precise orbit determination (POD) still poses a series challenges. This study examines impact introducing analytical tube-wing model for GLONASS-M and box-wing GLONASS-K in hybrid POD strategies that consider both empirical parameters. We assess perturbing accelerations acting on spacecraft based model. All satellites are equipped...

Besides amateur-radio satellites, the most interesting satellites for radio amateurs are weather (imaging) satellites: radio amateurs have successfully built weather-satellite image reception equipment for all known weather satellites and all known image transmission standards. Radioamateurs also pioneered satellite TV reception using small antennas much earlier than this became a mass-produced...