Recently, we described a strategy for the design of miniature proteins that bind DNA and protein surfaces with high affinity and selectivity. This strategy involves identifying the functional epitope required for macromolecular recognition by a natural protein and presenting it on a small, stable protein scaffold. In previous work, high-affinity DNA recognition was achieved only when the miniat...

We define a method for analysis of the integrated spectra of extra-galactic globular clusters that provides more reliable measures of age, metallicity and α-element abundance ratio than have so far been achieved. The method involves the simultaneous fitting of up to 25 Lick indices in a χ-fitting technique that maximises the use of the available data. Here we compare three sets of single stella...

For proteins, the mechanical properties of the folded state are directly related to function, which generally entails conformational motion. Through sub-Angstrom resolution measurements of the AC mechanical susceptibility of a globular protein we describe a new fundamental materials property of the folded state. For increasing amplitude of the forcing, there is a reversible transition from elas...

During biosynthesis, a globular protein folds into a tight particle with an interior core that is shielded from the surrounding solvent. The hydrophobic effect is thought to play a key role in mediating this process: nonpolar residues expelled from water engender a molecular interior where they can be buried. Paradoxically, results of earlier quantitative analyses have suggested that the tenden...

This report is one of a series of papers that introduce and use a new and highly simplified treatment of protein conformations. The first paper (Levitt & Warshel, 1975) outlined fhe approach and showed how it could be used to simulate the “renaturation” of a small protein. The present paper describes fhe representation in some detail and tests the methods extensively under a variety of differen...

We present classical density functional theory calculations of the free-energy landscape for fluids below their triple point as a function of density and crystallinity. We find that, both for a model globular protein and for a simple atomic fluid modeled with a Lennard-Jones interaction, it is free-energetically easier to crystallize by passing through a metastable dense fluid in accord with th...

Whereas ubiquitin-dependent degrons have been characterized in some detail, how proteins may be targeted to ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation remains unclear. Here we show that IκBα contains an ubiquitin-independent degron whose activity is portable to heterologous proteins such as the globular protein GFP (green fluorescent protein) via a proteasome-dependent, ubiquitin-independent...

In reply to Péter Majlender, the connection between the (maximum spread) equidifferent OWA operator weights and the analytical method for the minimum variance OWA operator problem [R. Fullér, P. Majlender, On obtaining minimal variability OWA operator weights, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 136 (2003) 203–215] is pointed out and the differences between them are clarified. 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights ...

     In this article we introduce the notion of textit{Fractal $omega$-operad} emerging from  a natural $omega$-operad associated to any coglobular object in the category of higher operads in Batanin's sense, which in fact is a coendomorphism $omega$-operads. We have in mind coglobular object of higher operads which algebras are kind of higher transformations. It follows that this natural $omeg...