PURPOSE Müller glia have multiple functions in the retina, including synthesis of neurotrophic factors, uptake and metabolism of neurotransmitters, spatial buffering of ions, maintenance of the blood-retinal barrier, and response to injury. A population of Müller glia has some stem cell-like characteristics both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this study was to generate and characterize no...

The incorporation and delivery of neurotrophic factors that stimulate nerve repair in previously developed tunable enzymatically crosslinked silk fibroin-based conduits are presented. In article number 2000753 by Joaquim M. Oliveira co-workers, glial cell line-derived factor (GDNF), acting upon motor sensory neurons, also instigating angiogenesis, uses these as a platform for its controlled del...

introduction: there are the evidences to suggest that bone marrow stromal cells (bmscs) not only differentiate into mesodermal cells, but also adopt the fate of endodermal and ectodermal cell types. bmscs can be a valuable cell source as an autograph for clinical application involving regeneration of the central nervous system. bone marrow stromal cells can be expanded rapidly in vitro and have...

GDNF and the GDNF receptors, c-Ret, GFR alpha 1 and 2 mRNA is expressed in the developing chicken retina. GDNF labelling was mainly found in embryonic day 4-5 retina but weak labelling could also be found over scattered retinal cells at later stages. c-ret labelling was found over ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells; the preferred GDNF receptor (GFR alpha 1) over amacrine and horizont...

background: the present study was designed to evaluate the secondary microglial activation processes after spinal cord injury (sci). methods: a quantitative histological study was performed to determine ed-1 positive cells, glial cell density, and cavitation size in untreated sci rats at days 1, 2, and 4, and weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. results: the results of glial cell quantification along the 4900...

Glial cells are a large component of the developing nervous system, appearing before the onset of axon outgrowth in a variety of developing systems. Their time of appearance and their location in conjunction with developing axon pathways may allow them to define the position of axon pathways. Specific glial cells may be utilized as guideposts by growing axons, allowing them to recognize the app...

Some adults fail to adapt to chronic stress, developing symptoms of depression and anxiety. In this issue of Neuron, Uchida and colleagues link maladaptive stress responses to GDNF through a comprehensive investigation of the neurotrophic factor's regulation. Further, this study is an excellent example for investigators interested in neuroepigenetics research.

We have generated two conditionally immortalized neuronal cell lines from primary cultures of embryonic day 13 (E13) and postmitotic (postnatal day 0; P0) cortical neurons transformed with the temperature-sensitive SV-40 large-T antigen. Two clonal cell lines (CN1.4 from E13 cultures and SJ3.6 from P0 cultures) were isolated and stable maintained in vitro. Both cell lines expressed a number of ...

Objective(s):Theneuroprotective effect of lithium has been attributed to its therapeutic action. However, the role of glial cells particularly astrocytes, and the possible interactions between neurons and astrocytes in neuroprotective effects of lithium have been disregarded. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of lithium on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) an...