This work presents a region descriptor based on the integration of the information that the depth of valleys image provides. The depth of valleys image is based on the presence of intensity valleys around polyps due to the image acquisition. Our proposed description method consists of defining, for each point, a series of radial sectors around it and then accumulate the maxima of the depth of v...

– A controversial issue in spin glasses is whether mean field theory correctly describes 3-dimensional spin glasses. If it does, how can replica symmetry breaking arise in terms of spin clusters in Euclidean space? Here we argue that there exist system-size low energy excitations that are “sponge-like”, generating multiple valleys separated by energy barriers whose heights diverge in the infini...

Altogether 327 valleys and their 314 cross-sectional profiles were analyzed on Mars, including width, depth, length, eroded volume, drainage and spatial density, as well as the network structure. According to this systematic analysis, five possible drainage network types were identified such as (a) small valleys, (b) integrated small valleys, (c) individual, medium-sized valleys, (d) unconfined...

– The order parameter P (q) for disordered and frustrated systems with degenerate ground-states is reconsidered. We propose that entropy fluctuations lead to a trivial P (q) at zero temperature as in the non-degenerate case, even if there are zero-energy large-scale excitations (complex energy landscape). Such a situation should arise in the 3-dimensional ±J Ising spin glass and in MAX-SAT prob...

abstract a mountain glacier, when it occupies a river valley, immediately begins to change the cross-section and profile of that valley. river valleys in mountain areas tends to have v-shaped profiles. glaciers work to widen as well as deepen their valleys and the typical cross-section of a glacial valley is u-shaped. the u-shaped glacial valley is one of the most characteristic of glacial land...

We report the discovery of numerous in situ Miocene and Pliocene airfall volcanic ashes that occur within the hyperarid Dry Valleys region of the Transantarctic Mountains in southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Ashes that occur above 1000 m elevation rest at the ground surface, covered only by a thin ventifact pavement 1 to 2 cm thick. The ash deposits are loose and unconsolidated and show no si...