Geographical information system (GIS) is a powerful tool in managing and presenting spatial referenced data science it has a lot of geographic functions such as data integration, mapping, overlaying, buffering, projection....etc, but on the contrary it is a limited tool in decision aiding of spatial decision problems. It can't stand alone in taking decision in spatial problem environment. In th...

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A Geographical Information System (GIS) provides a powerful collection of tools for the management and visualization of spatial data. These tools can be even more powerful when they are integrated with methods for spatial data analysis. In this context, we provide several examples that show the power of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) within a GIS and how this can provide the foundatio...

There has been a great development in Wireless GIS (WGIS) new century. Spatial data transferring and storage in GIS are developed from wired to wireless network. This paper first briefly introduces the technologies and strategies of spatial data transferring and storing in distributed Wireless GIS. Secondly, the schemes of spatial data transferring modes in wireless GIS for improving the networ...

Formal methods are mathematical techniques use in design, development and verification of software and hardware system. Geographic information systems GIS use to collect, store, analyze and present spatial informations. GIS databases are usually very complex to design. Formal methods can play an important role in their design. In the paper, the authors investigate an approach of formal specific...

The Open GIS Consortium (OGC) has proposed a standard for the software architecture of geographic information systems (GIS) in order to enable interoperability among different GIS products. The so-called Abstract Model does not support spatial constraints yet, although most of the later proposals of GIS conceptual data models already do. This paper presents an extension of OGC’s Abstract Model ...

The idea of GIS used by citizens in exercising democracy, dubbed public GIS, involves the use of GIS tools to help laypeople understand the spatial consequences of proposed projects and actions effecting their communities. The widening use of the Internet creates the opportunity of elevating GIS to a truly public decision making tool by making it accessible regardless of spatial and temporal co...

Information System (GIS) has been well established as an information system for acquiring, storing, processing, analyzing and visualizing spatial data. The success of GIS is reflected from the following developments: (1) numerous GIS software have been developed and are widely used; (2) A large amount of spatial datasets have been collected and used; (3) Many books and papers have been written ...

There has been a great development in Wireless GIS (WGIS) new century. Spatial data transferring and storage in GIS is developed from wired to wireless network. This paper first briefly introduces the technologies and strategies of spatial data transferring and storing in distributed Wireless GIS. Second, the schemes of spatial data transferring modes in wireless GIS for improving the network t...

To improve the spatial retrieving by means of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), a distributed GIS-Application has been designed. This application is mainly focused on making spatial analysis, throughout Spatial Analyzer Module (SAM). SAM contains several spatial and mathematical models that have been designed and implemented for detecting landslides and flooding areas. Users can make an a...