Background. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) are fundamental in skeletal growth during puberty and bone health throughout life. GH increases tissue formation by acting directly and indirectly on target cells; IGF-1 is a critical mediator of bone growth. Clinical studies reporting the use of GH and IGF-1 in osteoporosis and fracture healing are outlined. Methods. A Pubm...

Growth hormone (GH), a major regulator of normal body growth and metabolism, regulates cellular gene expression. The transcription factors Elk-1 and Serum Response Factor are necessary for GH-stimulated transcription of c-fos through the Serum Response Element (SRE). GH stimulates the serine phosphorylation of Elk-1, thereby enabling Elk-1 to mediate transcriptional activation. The contribution...

Growth hormone (GH) therapy is often associated with adverse side effects, including impaired insulin sensitivity. GH treatment of children with idiopathic short stature does not lead to an optimized final adult height. It has been demonstrated that FFA reduction induced by pharmacological antilipolysis can stimulate GH secretion per se in both normal subjects and those with GH deficiency. Howe...

In this article, the concepts of gH-subgradient and gH-subdifferential interval-valued functions are illustrated. Several important characteristics a convex function, e.g., closeness, boundedness, chain rule, etc. studied. Alongside, we prove that gH-differentiable function contains only gH-gradient. It is observed directional gH-derivative maximum all products between gH-subgradients direction...

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB-1) resides at postsynaptic sites in hippocampal neurons in which it controls polyadenylation-induced translation. CPEB-1 knock-out (KO) mice display defects in some forms of synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memories. To identify CPEB-1-regulated mRNAs, we used proteomics to compare polypeptides in wild-type (WT) and CPEB-1...

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in the maternal serum, cord blood, and placental tissue of pregnant women from Xingtai, Hebei, with gestational hypertension (GH) combined with fetal growth restriction (FGR). A total of 108 patients with GH combined with FGR (GH-FGR), 60 patients with GH alone (GH), and 50 healthy pregnant women (con...

Aims IGF-1 is produced in a GH dependent fashion and measurement of IGF-1 has become increasingly common for both diagnosis of GH deficiency and to guide GH therapy. The OZGROW database records the results of IGF-1 tests performed on patients receiving GH or being assessed for GH treatment. The OZGROW database was used to determine the extent to which IGF-1 testing is performed in this populati...

Abstract Glomerular podocytes are integral members of the glomerular filtration barrier in kidney and crucial for permselectivity. These highly differentiated cells vulnerable to an array noxious stimuli that prevail several diseases. Elevated circulating growth hormone (GH) levels associated with podocyte injury proteinuria diabetes. However, precise mechanism(s) by which excess GH elicits pod...