in the history of islam, until the last century, shiah and sunni scholars haven’t distinguished between consumption and production loans and riba in islam absolutely has been forbidden. with the development of capitalism and its influence in muslim countries, many businessmen, industrialists and bankers were faced with the problem of usury . to solve this problem, a group of theologists proposa...

Dengue has escalated in the region of the Americas unabated despite major investments in integrated vector control and prevention strategies. An effective and affordable dengue vaccine can play a critical role in reducing the human and economic costs of the disease by preventing millions around the world from getting sick. However, there are considerable challenges on the path towards vaccine i...

In the second half, econometric analysis (regression testing) is used to isolate the key factors affecting HAMP modification performance and to compare the performance of loans modified through HAMP with other similarly delinquent loans. The innovation in this study comes from the merging of HAMP program data with a commercial loan performance database, which allows HAMP-modified loans to be co...

MARTA FILICKOVA, PhD, Researcher at the Department of Pre-School and Elementary Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Presov in Presov, Slovakia; e-mail: marta. [email protected] doc. IVETA KOVALCIKOVA, PhD, Associate Professor at Department of Pre-School and Elementary Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Presov in Presov, Slovakia. IVAN ROPOVIK,...

Healing implies a view of wholeness. Working from Jesus' revelation of God on the cross as the self-giving love of Father (I), Son (Thou) and Holy Spirit (We), this article sees human wholeness as spiritual growth toward trinitarian love. Five stages of growth appear from salvation history: initial faith (trust), familial faith (conventional law morality), individuating faith (individually free...

In banking and finance, credit risk is among the important topics because process of issuing a loan requires lot attention to assessing possibilities getting loaned money back. At same time in emerging markets, underbanked individuals cannot access traditional forms collateral or identification that required by financial institutions for them be granted loans. Using literature review approach t...

I compare welfare generated by a credit contract with individual liability and a contract with joint liability. The problem is credit rationing caused by limited liability and unobservable investment decisions. Joint liability induces borrowers to monitor each other, however the lender can also monitor. I show that wealthier borrowers may prefer riskier investments when liability is joint, whic...

This paper examines the political influence on government bank lending decisions using the prefecture level panel data on Japan’s government loans from 1975 to 1992. I find that prefectures that were represented by more influential members of the ruling party, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), tended to receive more government loans. I also find that the amount of government loans tended to i...

Estimation of Semiparametric Models in the Presence of Endogeneity and Sample Selection Siddhartha Chib, Edward Greenberg and Ivan Jeliazkov Siddhartha Chib is Harry C. Hartkopf Professor of Econometrics and Statistics, Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 . Edward Greenberg is Professor Emeritus of Economics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Loui...