Endoscopes are used widely for the diagnosis and therapy of medical disorders. To prevent spread of nosocomial infection, all endoscopes should undergo thorough cleaning and high-level disinfection following each use. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a user-friendly package label for one liquid chemical germicide that requires a 45-minute immersion at 25 degrees C to support ...

Low challenge phenol coefficient and high challenge use-dilution tests were made on a neutral cocoanut oil soap emulsion of o-phenylphenol and aqueous solutions of sodium o-phenylphenate prepared in the laboratory from the phenol using a stoichiometric amount of NaOH as well as with increasing amounts of excess NaOH. The phenol had considerably greater activity in both test methods when emulsif...

1. The effect of the pH on the germicidal action of soaps has been studied. The lower members of the series were found to be most active in acid solution; the higher members, in alkaline. The point of transition varied with the test organism used. 2. This is probably due to the effect of the pH on the dissociation residue and on the solubility of the soap. The dissociation residue may affect th...

1. The soaps of the alpha-brom fatty acids are usually more germicidal than the unsubstituted soaps. Only when B. typhosus was the test organism was there no increase in germicidal action. 2. For any test organism, germicidal action of the brominated soaps increases rapidly with increasing molecular weight up to a certain point, then diminishes. This is likewise true of the hemolytic titer. The...

Ever since Pasteur showed that spoilage was due to microorganisms, food preservation has been primarily concerned with finding methods for reducing the microbial populations. In order to extend the edible life of shellfish, its bacterial contamination must be reduced to levels sufficiently low to prevent their metabolic products from subverting these foods before they are consumed. Shellfish fo...

The aim of this study was evaluation an organic germicide (Aquagerm) histological affects on Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) vital tissues. This new disinfectant is an aquatic antiseptic and mixed-oxidant disinfectant which is produced for the first time in Iran. This new product mechanism is based on oxidant properties of pro-sulphate which attack crucial structures of pathogens. In this s...

Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling chemical that is used in building materials and to produce many household products. It is used in pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, plywood, and fiberboard; glues and adhesives; permanent-press fabrics; paper product coatings; and certain insulation materials. In addition, formaldehyde is commonly used as an industrial fungicid...

Echinococcosis remains one of the most common parasitic diseases in world. The primary treatment for echinococcosis is surgical. Qualified surgical intervention, intraoperative use germicide with proven efficiency and prescription post-operative anti-relapse pharmacological therapy are keys to effective treatment. Minimally invasive technologies increasingly being used clinical practice, open i...