Two of the geomorphic Laws of Drainage Net Composition are discussed and it is shown that they are essentially abstract mathematical relationships that hold for any bifurcating system. Some of the geomorphic factors that determine the value of the characteristic coefficients that are obtained by application of the Laws to single nets are also discussed.

“Urbanization” encompasses a diverse array of watershed alterations that influence the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of streams. In this chapter, we summarize lessons learned from the last half century of research on urban streams and provide a critique of various mitigation strategies, including recent approaches that explicitly address geomorphic processes. We focus first...

This study examines the role of surface geomorphic features in tree establishment at the alpine treeline in Glacier National Park, Montana, through the presentation of a multiscale, conceptual model of biogeomorphic relationships at alpine treeline. Empirical observations gathered through a multiscale field methodology over three summers serve as a base for the model. The model highlights the i...

Most geomorphic transport laws proposed to date are local in character, i.e., they express the sediment flux at a point as a function of the elevation gradient or curvature or other geomorphic quantities at that point only. We argue that non-local constitutive laws, in which the flux at a point depends on the conditions in some larger neighborhood around this point in space and/or time, present...

this paper tries to systematically survey, with taking theoretical view on geomorphic basin and its changes into account. the purpose of this research is to determine the balance and stability of geomorphic basins from the past to present and then to future. consequently, it tries to determine the balance between energy and input-output materials for example (rainfall , solar radiation, tectoni...

The increasing frequency and/or severity of extreme climate events are becoming increasingly apparent over multidecadal timescales at the global scale, albeit with relatively low scientific confidence. At the regional scale, scientific confidence in the future trends of extreme event likelihood is stronger, although the trends are spatially variable. Confidence in these extreme climate risks is...

Past activity of geomorphic processes can be reconstructed on tree-ring series using the presence of injuries, reaction wood or abrupt changes in the annual increment. The analysis of these features provides valuable data on years with process activity. In contrast, an intra-annual dating has so far normally only been possible through the analysis of injuries. In this technical note, it is show...

The cryosphere contains a rich archive of the climate record, and is an important part of the global hydrological cycle. The investigation of the glacial behaviour informs our understanding of the forces that have shaped landscapes in glaciated terrains, and is key to developing understanding of past and future climate change and global climate teleconnections. Numerical modelling of glacial sy...

Two ages are attributed to each circular lunar sea, the age of formation of the circular basin, probably by impact, and the age of the filling of the basin by lava-like effusions.Each lunar-sea surface displays a range of geomorphic indices. This is interpreted as being due to the presence of effusions of different ages on the surface of each sea. The landing sites of Apollo 11 and 12 have geom...