Balancing ecological and social outcomes of conservation actions is recognized in global conservation policy but is challenging in practice. Compensation to land owners or users for foregone assets has been proposed by economists as an efficient way to mitigate negative social impacts of human displacement from protected areas. Joint empirical assessments of the conservation and social impacts ...

OBJECT To date, there has been no published study in which the focus was on the mechanisms of head injuries associated with snowboarding. The purpose of this study was to identify these mechanisms. METHODS The patient population consisted of 38 consecutive patients with snowboarding-related major head injuries who were treated at two hospitals in Japan, where for years many winter sports inju...

Flow distortion over a forested hill is asymmetric, forming a recirculation region on the lee slope that increases the complexity in understanding atmosphere– biosphere interaction. To understand the complexity, we examine the effect of the geometry of forested hills on recirculation formation, structure, and related CO2 transport by performing numerical simulations over doubleforested hills. T...

Dependence of CO2 advection patterns on wind direction on a gentle forested slope B. Heinesch, M. Yernaux, and M. Aubinet Unité de Physique des Biosystèmes Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux 8, avenue de la Faculté, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium Received: 19 October 2007 – Accepted: 30 October 2007 – Published: 14 November 2007 Correspondence to: B. Heinesch (heinesch.b@fsagx....

Siberian silkmoth (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.) is a dangerous pest that has affected nearly 2.5 × 106 ha of “dark taiga” stands (composed of Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata) within the latitude range of 52◦–59◦ N. Here we describe a current silkmoth outbreak that is occurring about half degree northward of its formerly documented outbreak range. This outbreak has covered an...

Introduction Lake Tahoe resides in a high elevation basin separated from the Sacramento Valley by the dominant Sierra Nevada divide along the Crystal Range. Lower ridges of the Carson Range to the east separate the lake from the Great Basin. These physical attributes define atmospheric processes in the Tahoe basin as much as define hydrological processes. The presence of the cold lake at the bo...

Soil salinity is one of the problems threatening agricultural lands. Parts of this phenomenon are related to geologic formations and saltpans, while some major factors are resulted from irrelevant agricultural activities, issue of irrigation, and improper cultivation systems which lead to increase in soil salinity. To avoid such consequences that would end up with ecosystem degradation, suitabl...