Of the chlamydia species that can cause infections in humans, C. trachomatis is responsible for lower urinary tract diseases in men and women. C. trachomatis infections are prevalent worldwide, but current research is focused on females, with the burden of disease and infertility sequelae considered to be a predominantly female problem. However, a role for this pathogen in the development of ma...

Malakoplakia, first described by Michaelis and Gutmann in 1902 [1], occurs mainly in the genitourinary tract (60% of cases), and less frequently in the gastrointestinal tract (10% of cases) [2]. Although the pathogenesis of malakoplakia is not completely understood, the disease may be considered the result of an impairment of the mononuclear phagocyte and immunoregulatory effector system [3]. T...

Malakoplakie is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease, which usually affects the genitourinary tract and less frequently other sites such as, kidney, ureter, bladder, bone, lung, skin, gastrointestinal ovary.

Foreign bodies are rarely found in genitourinary system and pose a challenge to the practitioner. The usual causes for insertion of foreign bodies in genitourinary system include sexual curiosity, autoerotic stimulation, or during invasive procedures (1). These patients may remain asymptomatic or have minimal discomfort but usually patient presents with urinary tract infection, severe pain and ...