Excitatory amino acids play a key role in stress-induced remodeling of dendrites in the hippocampus as well as in suppression of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. The regulation of extracellular glutamate levels has been suggested as a potential mechanism through which repeated stress causes dendritic remodeling of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Accordingly, the current study examined the distribution...

Tamoxifen (TX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, exerts antagonistic effects on breast tissue and is used to treat breast cancer. Recent evidence also suggests that it may act as an agonist in brain tissue. We reported previously that TX enhanced the expression and function of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in rat astrocytes, an effect that was mediated by TGF-α. To gain further insigh...

This paper presents large-scale bending test, up to 19 m length, on glued laminated timber (GLT) beams with well-known beam setup and a model predict the tensile strength of finger joint connections (FJ). Machine graded boards, information about dynamic stiffness local knottiness were used fabricate 12 GLT beams. The position boards tracked throughout fabrication. To quantify quality FJ additio...

The glutamate transporter-1 [GLT-1 (excitatory amino acid transporter 2)] subtype of glutamate transporter ensures crisp excitatory signaling and limits excitotoxicity in the CNS. Astrocytic expression of GLT-1 is regulated during development, by neuronal activity, and in neurodegenerative diseases. Although neurons activate astrocytic expression of GLT-1, the mechanisms involved have not been ...

Sodium-dependent transport into astrocytes is critical for maintaining the extracellular concentrations of glutamate below toxic levels in the central nervous system. In this study, the expression of the glial glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST was studied in primary cultures derived from cortical tissue. In primary astrocytes, GLAST protein levels were approximately one half of those obser...

We prove First Fundamental Theorems of Coinvariant Theory for the standard coactions of the quantum groups Oq(GLt(K)) and Oq(SLt(K)) on the quantized algebra Oq(Mm,t(K)) ⊗ Oq(Mt,n(K)). (Here K is an arbitrary field and q an arbitrary nonzero scalar.) In both cases, the set of coinvariants is a subalgebra of Oq(Mm,t(K))⊗Oq(Mt,n(K)), which we identify. Introduction One of the highlights of classi...

Alcohol dependence is associated with alteration of glutamate transport and glutamate neurotransmission. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is a major transporter that regulates the majority of extracellular glutamate concentration, which is also regulated by cystine-glutamate exchanger (xCT). Importantly, we recently reported that amoxicillin and Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) upreglulated G...

Background: Tamoxifen (TX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, enhances glutamate transporter (GLT-1) expression in astrocytes. Results: TX upregulated GLT-1 expression via the CREB and NF-B pathways. Conclusion: TX enhanced GLT-1 expression at the transcriptional level. Significance: Understanding the mechanisms of TX action on GLT-1 will contribute to developing neuroprotectants agains...

Dysregulation of the astroglial glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 has been implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) where a loss of GLT-1 protein expression and activity is reported. Furthermore, the two principal C-terminal splice variants of GLT-1 (namely GLT-1a and GLT-1b) show altered expression ratio in animal models of this dise...