Arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) are a class of cell surface plant peptidoglycans which have been implicated in root elongation and signal transduction pathways. AGPs function not only as markers of cellular identity but also as signaling molecules, which might initiate signal transduction. Aluminum promotes the elongation of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) roots. Although some mechanisms by which Al ...

Recently, the epigenetic modifications have been recognized as a regulator of gene expression in various cancers. EZH2 gene is one the most important component of the PRC2 complex. Overexpression of EZH2 was identified in multiple cancers that considered more attractive the EZH2 role as an oncogene. Some studies report that EZH2 contributes to various aspects of colorectal cancer (CRC). However...

The paper summarizes the current status of the reporter gene technology and their basics. Reporter gene technology is widely used to monitor cellular events associated with gene expression and signal transduction. Based upon the splicing of transcriptional control elements to a variety of reporter genes, it “reports” the effects of a cascade of signaling events on gene expression inside cells. ...

Precise regulation of signal transduction pathways is crucial for normal animal development and for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in adults. The Wnt/Frizzled-mediated signaling includes canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. Upregulation or downregulation of the canonical Wnt-signaling (or the Wnt/β-Catenin signal transduction) leads to a variety of human diseas...

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are primary targets for gene therapy of inherited and acquired disorders of the immune system. We describe the development of an optimized transduction system that provides for high-efficiency retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into primary PBLs. This optimized transduction protocol combines centrifugation of the lymphocytes (1000 x g) at the inception of tran...

We aimed to compare the maturation and ripening characteristics of two apple cultivars, early mutant ‘Beni Shogun’ ‘Fuji’. The study revealed that both cultivars reached full bloom on same day, but matured earlier than In addition, differences were observed in fruit size, length, width, sweetness, acidity, ethylene production levels. also examined expression patterns genes involved biosynthesis...

Gene transduction and expression efficiencies among several type cell lines were compared by using vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) based lentivirus vector. Large discrepancies of the efficiencies were shown among them. B lymphocytes showed high susceptibility of the gene transduction and expression, while other cell lines m...