OBJECTIVE The mechanism by which T cells exert a proatherogenic potential is unclear. In order to determine whether this potential requires their replication, we crossed atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE degrees) with transgenic mice in which exclusive and conditional ablation of dividing T cells relies on their specific expression of the herpes simplex type 1 thymidine...

The limitations of the ganciclovir (GCV)/herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV1 TK: EC 2.7.1.21) system as a suicide gene therapy approach have been extensively studied over the years. In our study, we focused on improving the cytotoxic profile of the GCV/equine herpes virus-4 thymidine kinase (EHV4 TK: EC 2.7.1.21) system. Our approach involved the structure-guided mutagenesis of EHV4 TK ...

The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV TK/GCV) system is one of the best studied cancer suicide gene therapy systems. Our previous study showed that caspase 3 expression was upregulated and bladder tumor growth was significantly reduced in rats treated with a combination of Bifidobacterium (BF) and HSV TK/GCV (BF-rTK/GCV). However, it was raised whether the BF-mediated recom...

Ganciclovir (GCV) and acyclovir (ACV) are guanine nucleoside analogues that inhibit lytic herpesvirus replication. GCV and ACV must be monophosphorylated by virally encoded enzymes to be converted into nucleotides and incorporated into viral DNA. However, whether GCV and/or ACV phosphorylation in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells is mediated primarily by the EBV-encoded protein kinase (EB...

Smoothing splines with generalized cross-validation parameter selection (GCV-spline) provide a method to find an optimal smoother for an fMRI time series. The purpose of this study was to compare the variance of parameter estimates and the bias of the variance estimator for a linear regression model smoothed with GCV-spline and the low-pass filter in SPM99 (SPM-HRF). The mean bias with the SPM-...

BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. Prolonged antiviral therapy is a cause of mutation and drug resistance in the HCMV genome. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify resistance to ganciclovir (GCV) in Iranian immunosuppressed patients at two different stages of the disease: early (before GC...

The point spread function (PSF) of a blurred image is often unknown a priori; the blur must first be identified from the degraded image data before restoring the image. Generalized cross-validation (GCV) is introduced to address the blur identification problem. The GCV criterion identifies model parameters for the blur, the image, and the regularization parameter, providing all the information ...

Recent studies implicate the transcription factor E2A in Ig diversification such as somatic hypermutation or gene conversion (GCV). GCV also requires active Ig transcription, expression of the activation-induced deaminase (AID) and a set of homologous recombination factors. We have disrupted the E2A gene in the chicken B-cell line DT40 and found greatly diminished rate of GCV without changes in...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of viral retinitis in patients with AIDS. Ganciclovir (GCV) has been widely used in the treatment of CMV retinitis. The GCV distribution in the vitreous is obviously influenced by the rate of elimination through the retina. The retinal permeability of GCV was calculated to be 9.25 x 10-5 cmls for both rabbit and human. The half-life of GCV in the v...

The combination of cytosine deaminase (CD) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) suicide gene protocols has resulted in enhanced antitumor activity in cultured tumor cells and animal models. In this study, we show that concurrent addition of prodrugs 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and ganciclovir (GCV) was less efficacious than sequential treatment in human DU145 prostate carcinoma cells ...