Kenneth Grahame’s masterpiece, The wind in the willows, contains a classic description of a religious experience as Ratty and Mole come face-to-face with the Piper at the Gates of Dawn. This chapter draws on Happold’s identification of seven characteristics of mystical experience, as amplified by the Francis-Louden Mystical Orientation Scale, to test whether Ratty and Mole’s experience can be p...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare the dentine removing efficacy of gates-glidden drills with hand files, protaper and oneshape single-instrument system using cone-beam computed tomography (cbct). methods and materials: a total of 39 extracted bifurcated maxillary first premolars were divided into 3 groups ( n =13) and were prepared using either gates-glidden drills and hand ins...

This paper presents a new approach for converting a ternary reversible circuit implemented from a truth table into an online testable circuit. Our approach adds three extra lines to the given circuit, inserts Feynman gates and M-S gates, and replaces the ternary Toffoli gates (KP-m gates) with TKP-(m+1) gates. Our approach works with only 2×2 gates and 1×1 gates and covers a higher number of de...

Introduction The first papers that proposed on-chip mixed-signal built-in self-test (MS-BIST) were published about ten years ago [1]. The first commercial products were announced five years ago at ITC’97 – LogicVision’s adcBIST [2] and pllBIST [3]. The latter tests more PLL parameters than most companies do, and everything is done on-chip in 4K gates: stimulus, response analysis, and comparison...

Reversible logic has attracted much research interest over the last few decades, especially due to its application in quantum computing. In the construction of reversible gates from basic gates, ancilla bits are commonly used to remove restrictions on the type of gates that a certain set of basic gates generates. With unlimited ancilla bits, many gates (such as Toffoli and Fredkin) become unive...