Approximately 11% and 25% of annual Canadian oil spill accidents are gasoline and diesel spills, respectively. Gasoline and diesel spills are a challenge to conventional environmental forensic techniques because refinery processes remove most of the higher molecular weight biomarkers. This study presents a tiered environmental forensics strategy that includes such information as site operationa...

Our objective in this study was to assess the effect of using two kinds of lead-free gasoline [including 92-lead-free gasoline (92-LFG) and 95-lead-free gasoline (95-LFG), rated according to their octane levels] to replace the use of premium leaded gasoline (PLG) on the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their corresponding benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP(eq)) amounts from ...

Fire and explosion accidents often occur in storage tanks leading to great economic loss and serious casualties during the working, operation and maintenance. This paper established a reduced-scale storage tank experimental system, and then the explosion characteristics of gasoline-air mixture in storage tank were studied. The experimental results show that several parameters (such as concentra...

The phaseout of leaded gasoline would be a significant step forward in the reduction of a major source of exposure; however, this undertaking , even if successful, will have limited public health impact if other sources of exposure are not substantially reduced. For instance, in Mexico City, after the introduction of unleaded gasoline in 1990, lead concentrations in air declined from 1.2 pg/m3 ...

The driving behavior, road, and traffic conditions greatly affect the gasoline consumption of an automobile. We believe that accurate prediction of gasoline usage as a function of the above can be used to obtain optimal driving behavior, for given road and traffic conditions, to reduce gasoline consumption. This results in great dollar savings and also reduces the harmful effects of gasoline us...

The invention of the spark-ignited internal combustion engine provided a market for a petroleum middle distillate, gasoline, about 100 years ago. The internal combustion engine and gasoline have co-evolved until motor vehicles now annually consume about 110 billion gallons of gasoline in the United States. Continuing air pollution problems and resulting regulatory pressures are driving the need...

This paper proposes a method of distinguishing between the effect of anticipated and unanticipated changes in oil prices and oil inventories on the US gasoline prices. I show that gasoline price adjustments are faster and stronger for anticipated changes in oil prices and inventory levels than for unanticipated changes. The dynamics of the gasoline price response depends on the relative importa...

Concerns about energy security and climate change have sparked legislators’ interest in reducing gasoline consumption by increasing corporate average fuel-economy (CAFE) standards. Using an empirically rich simulation model and cost estimates for anticipated fuel-economy technologies, we estimate annual costs of reducing long-run gasoline consumption by 10% via a 3.8 miles per gallon increase i...

A National Fuels Surveillance Network has been established to collect gasoline and other fuels through the 10 regional offices of the Environmental Protection Agency. Physical, chemical, and trace element analytical determinations are made on the collected fuel samples to detect components which may present an air pollution hazard or poison exhaust catalytic control devices. A summary of trace ...

The influences of gasoline on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from gasoline engine are investigated. These fuels included C92-Leadfree Gasoline (C92-LFG), C95-Leadfree Gasoline (C95-LFG), C98-Leadfree Gasoline (C98-LFG), these are Reforming Gasoline, T92-Leadfree Gasoline (T92-LFG), T95-Leadfree Gasoline (T95-LFG), T98-Leadfree Gasoline (T98-LFG), these are total-PAHs co...