Introduction Dissolved gases,with dissolved oxygen serving as the primary marker,have been widely documented to influence dissolution experiments. The dissolved gases can cause changes in the performance of the dissolution medium by changing pH,forming bubbles on the dosage form or altering the interaction of the medium and the active pharmaceutical ingredient [1]. Extensive studies have been p...

Amounts of source gases with stratospheric sinks (CFCs, N2O, CH4) are affected by changes in Brewer–Dobson circulation. Source gases and their degradation products are important for atmospheric chemistry and climate. With a simple model, we examine how amounts and lifetimes of source gases and products depend on speed of the circulation. Transient results differ from steady-state and stratosphe...

This chapter describes modeling and animating procedural textures, gases, and liquids. The main thrust of the chapter is on procedurally modeling and animating volume density functions for creating realistic images and animations of gases and fluids. A volume density function is a three-dimensional function (vfd(x; y; z)) that defines the density of a continuous three-dimensional space. By usin...