INTRODUCTION The earliest cell differentiation event in mammalian development occurs during preimplantation development when the outer blastomeres of the embryo form a monolayer of epithelial cells [trophectoderm (TE)] that envelops the remaining blastomeres [inner cell mass (ICM)]. In mice, TE specification occurs in the 8to 16-cell compacted morula. Developmental transition to blastocyst stag...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org H environmental impacts are now so extensive and pervasive that many consider that the planet has entered a new geological epoch – the Anthropocene. Increasingly, efforts to conserve biodiversity are confronted with new challenges resulting from profound changes to many biotic and abiotic processes (Steffen et al. 2004; MA 2005), wh...

HE tumorous head (tu-h) abnormality and genetic mechanism were disTcussed by GARDNER (1948), GARDNER and WOOLF (1949) and NEWBY ( 1949). Penetrance, expressivity and relative viability were investigated by GARDNER and RATTY (1952). The influence of high and low temperatures on the expression was described by GARDNER and WOOLF (1950). Modifiers and alleles of tumorous head genes were found in la...

Effects of soil heterogeneity have been the focus of both field and theoretical research for the past decade (e.g., Hills et al., 1991; Hopmans et al., 1988; Mantoglou and Gelhar, 1987; McCord et al., 1991, Russo, 1991; Ünlü et al., 1990; Wierenga et al., 1991; Yeh et al., 1985a,b; Yeh et al., 1986). Analytical models are essential tools for investigating the effect of heterogeneity on flow and...

The ability of growing microtubules to undergo catastrophes--abrupt switches from growth to shortening--is one of the key aspects of microtubule dynamics important for shaping cellular microtubule arrays. Gardner et al. show that catastrophes occur at a microtubule age-dependent rate and that depolymerizing kinesins can affect this process in fundamentally different ways.

Blastocyst quality score (BQS), first reported by Rehman et al., is a numerical blastocyst-morphology grading system based on the criteria established by Gardner and Schoolcraft. We demonstrate a positive correlation between the calculated BQS score and cell number by staining thawed human embryos and suggest that BQS can be applied to evaluate culture systems clinically.

The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare developmental cyst that was described in 1988 by Gardner, et al. This lesion demonstrates non-specific clinical course and radiological findings. Hence, often confused with other lesions, but specific histopathlogical features help in establishing its correct diagnosis. This article presents a rare case of a maxillary glandular odontogenic cyst in ...

Landscapes are now being altered at unprecedented rates (Forman and Alexander 1998), resulting in the loss and fragmentation of critical habitats (Gardner et al. 1993), declines in species diversity (Quinn and Harrison 1988, Gu et al. 2002), shifts in disturbance regimes (He et al. 2002, Timoney 2003), and threats to the sustainability of many ecosystems (Grime 1998, Simberloff 1999). Because t...