The chemotactic response to galactose in wild-type Salmonella typhimurium is not inducible by galactose, but is inducible by fucose, a non-metabolizable analog. In a galactokinase mutant, however, the galactose receptor is inducible by galactose. These data indicate that the concentration of free galactose in the cell controls the levels of the galactose receptor. The intensities of the chemota...

While Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has great potential for biomass-converting processes, its inability to utilize the biomass abundant sugars xylose and galactose limited applications. In this study, we utilized Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) optimize engineered with heterologous expression of xylD encoding xylonate dehydratase from Caulobacter crescentus galETKM UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, gala...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is abundant in blood. HSA binds a wide range of drugs, metabolites, and nutrients. A glycated also potential diabetes biomarker. Recently, crystal structures glucose- fructose-bound have been reported. Both cyclic acyclic sugar forms are trapped Sudlow site I. Galactose can bind HSA, but no atomic detail available. Thus, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to ...

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation defects underlie many neurological and neuromuscular diseases. Patients’ primary dermal fibroblasts are one of the most commonly used in vitro models to study mitochondrial pathologies. However, tend rely more on glycolysis than for their energy when cultivated standard high-glucose medium, rendering it difficult expose dysfunctions. This aimed systematic...

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GP) exerted protective effects in an aging mouse model administered with D-galactose, and its mechanism was revealed. GP increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced malondialdehyde levels brain serum, alleviated D-galactose–induced damage to liver, ameliorated mild cognitive impairment. Abundance gut microbiota differed significantly betwe...

ferula galbaniflua boiss is one of the natural plants of iran that its exudates, barijeh gum, can be used in food industry. the present study explored the properties of a new gum extracted from tubers of ferula galbaniflua. for this purpose, barijeh gum was extracted from crude exudates by alcoholic extraction with 90% ethanol. the purity of gum was relatively high, and it composed mostly of sa...

In most organisms, the conversion of -D-galactose to the more metabolically useful glucose 1-phosphate is accomplished by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway (Scheme 1). In the first step of this pathway, -D-galactose is epimerized to -D-galactose by galactose mutarotase. The next step involves the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of -D-galactose by galactokinase to yield...