This review focuses primarily on our current understanding of the structure and function of GAF domains in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The GAF domain was originally identified by Aravind and Ponting (1997) using the position-specific iterative BLAST method (Altschul et al., 1997). The consensus sequence defining GAF domains is taken from a characteristic primary sequence of che...

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate WH6 and several related isolates have been shown previously to produce and secrete a novel, naturally occurring herbicide that arrests germination of the seeds of a large number of grassy weed species. The physical and chemical characteristics of this Germination Arrest Factor (GAF) have been investigated in the present study. GAF was insoluble in all organic sol...

The association of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors with their cognate target sequences in vivo depends on the local molecular context, yet this context is poorly understood. To address this issue, we have performed genomewide mapping of in vivo target genes of Drosophila GAGA factor (GAF). The resulting list of approximately 250 target genes indicates that GAF regulates many cellular path...

Fluorescent proteins (FP) are used to study various biological processes. Recently, a series of near-infrared (NIR) FPs based on bacterial phytochromes was developed. Finding ways to improve NIR FPs is becoming progressively important. By applying rational design and molecular evolution we have engineered R. palustris bacterial phytochrome into a single-domain NIR FP of 19.6 kDa, termed GAF-FP,...

Photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterases (PDE6 family) are modular enzymes with each catalytic subunit containing two N-terminal regulatory GAF domains, GAF A and GAF B. The GAF A domains contribute to dimerization of the PDE6 catalytic subunits and to binding of the inhibitory Pgamma subunits, and represent candidate sites for noncatalytic binding of cGMP. We performed a mutational analysis of se...

This review focuses primarily on our current understanding of the structure and function of GAF domains in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The GAF domain was originally identified by Aravind and Ponting (1997) using the position-specific iterative BLAST method (Altschul et al., 1997). The consensus sequence defining GAF domains is taken from a characteristic primary sequence of che...

INTRODUCTION Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) is an assessment instrument that is known worldwide. It is widely used for rating the severity of illness. Results from evaluations in psychiatry should characterize the patients. Rating of GAF is based on collected information. The aim of the study is to identify the factors involved in collecting information that is relevant for rating GAF, ...

This paper proposes an experimental and numerical study to reduce the generated axial force (GAF) in a tripod constant velocity joint (CVJ). Based on GAF model developed through kinematic frictional analysis CVJ, key parameters that have significant influence are obtained. These vary with design of CVJ optimal parameter lowest presented. The is estimated by model, respect various parameters, re...

The tandem GAF domains from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC7120 cyaB2 adenylyl cyclase form an antiparallel dimer with cAMP bound to all four binding sites. cAMP binding causes highly cooperative allosteric enzyme activation (>500-fold; EC(50) = 1 microM; Hill coefficient >2.0). The cyaB2 GAF domains, like those of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), contain conserved NKFDE motifs ...