This paper provides a quantitative assessment of carbon pricing and other mitigation policies for G20 countries in 2030. Emissions prices implicit countries’ Paris Agreement pledges vary from above $70 per ton CO2 eight to less than $35 seven countries. A price raises revenues 1.5% GDP or more most The efficiency costs are typically well below 1% while domestic environmental cobenefits (e.g., r...

Based on consideration by the Scientific Academies of G20 countries how experience response to COVID-19 might inform pandemic preparedness in future, governments are urged undertake following actions:

Shadow banking is a term that came out of the financial crisis of 2007-2009. There is a belief that shadow banking was one of the crisis reasons. Because the excessive expansion of shadow banking endangers the financial stability of countries, this paper examines the impact of shadow banking on financial stability using data from 14 countries of the G20 during 2002-2018. We divided countries in...

37 per cent of all human-induced methane, which is largely produced by the digestive system of ruminants, and 64 per cent of ammonia, which contributes significantly to acid rain. Livestock now use 30 per cent of the earth’s entire land surface, the report says, mostly on permanent pasture but also including 33 per cent of the global arable land — used to produce feed for livestock, the report ...

Improving agricultural total factor productivity is essential to achieving the high-quality and sustainable development of agriculture. As major global producers, G20 countries play an important role in product trade development. such, it well-positioned a positive improving productivity. This paper uses DEA-Malmquist index method measure (TFP) from 2010 2019, analyzes impact on TFP using two-w...

The use of electricity from non-renewable sources increases environmental impacts. Therefore, several countries have committed to increase the renewable sources. Considering importance Group Twenty (G20), this article aims identify trends in supply these countries. data collected are International Energy Agency (IEA) between 1990 and 2020. methods measured production each type G20 matrices iden...