A single-strand-specific nuclease from rye germ (Rn nuclease I) was characterized as a tool for secondary and tertiary structure investigation of RNAs. To test the procedure, yeast tRNA(Phe) and tRNA(Asp) for which the tertiary structures are known, as well as the 3'-half of tRNA(Asp) were used as substrates. In tRNA(Phe) the nuclease introduced main primary cuts at positions U33 and A35 of the...

We present a detailed spectral analysis of the joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations active galactic nuclei (AGN) in Seyfert 1.5 Galaxy ESO 362-G18. The broadband ($0.3\mbox{--}79$ keV) spectrum shows presence power-law continuum with soft excess below $2$ keV, iron K$\alpha$ emission ($\sim 6.4$ keV), Compton hump (peaking at $\sim 20$ keV). find that can be modeled by two different possibl...

Although the 1940 Act restricts interfund lending within a mutual fund family, families can apply for regulatory exemptions to participate in interfund lending. We find that heterogeneity in portfolio liquidity and investor flows across funds, funds’ investment restrictions, and governance mechanisms influence the fund family’s decision to apply for interfund lending. We document several costs ...

Factoring is explicitly linked to the value of a supplier’s accounts receivable and receivables are sold, rather than collateralized, and factored receivables are not part of the estate of a bankrupt firm. Therefore, factoring may allow a high-risk supplier to transfer its credit risk to higher quality buyers. Empirical tests find that factoring is larger in countries with greater economic deve...

This paper analyzes the pros and cons of both the integrated and the specialized approaches to financial supervision. The theoretical arguments are discussed considering some recent experiences around the world and having the Latin American and the Caribbean context as a frame. Based on the analysis of the efficacy and the efficiency of each approach to fulfill the main objectives of financial ...

For most of the postwar period, Europe’s capital markets remained largely closed to international capital flows. This paper explores the costs of this policy. Using the familiar event-study methodology, we examine the extent to which restrictions of current and capital account convertibility affected stock returns. We find that the delayed introduction of full currency convertibility increased ...

We analyze the welfare e¤ect of governmental regulation for individuals who consider anticipated regret in their decision making process. While governmental policies by directing choice distort individual decisions in the private market they can alleviate individuals’pain associated with the feeling of regret. We specify a general model to highlight this trade-o¤ and investigate two policies mo...

This paper examines the market’s reaction to news of corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&A) by Japanese bidders during the 1990s. Domestic versus global bids and pro-M&A legislation are considered as determinants of bidders’ abnormal returns. The results show that bidders for domestic targets earn significant abnormal returns after the institutions of pro-M&A legislation in Japan. These findi...